1. Applied Sustainability Jonathan Fair Director, BRE Scotland Thursday 1 st Feb 2007

2. Bizarre! Even more bizarre! “We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape our lives.” - Sir Winston Churchill

3. If the UK is serious about tackling climate change…………. We need less of this! To deliver less of this!

4. Lessons from the past - vernacular architecture Vernacular architecture has a form and function which enables: − comfortable conditions to be achieved (often in very hostile climatic conditions) − optimum and sustainable use of indigenous materials − low environmental impact

5. Lessons from nature - biomimicry Buildings should fully exploit the natural systems available for free to provide : –ventilation –cooling –heating –daylighting “Normally all the really Important mistakes are made on the first day of the design process!” - Amory Lovins

6. The architectural landscape is about to change dramatically! Introduction of building energy labelling – EU EPBD Additional requirements when refurbishing buildings Encouragement to consider low and zero carbon systems during design Increasing emphasis on airtightness Greater focus on the avoidance of solar overheating New regulations require at least 25% reduction in CO2 emissions compared with Section 6 – Energy 2004 Planning System and guidance changing rapidly to address “Sustainability”

7. Implications of the EU Directive? Building energy labelling will make architectural greenwash more difficult, Greater integration of passive energy systems:- − free cooling/heating − passive/natural ventilation − optimised use of daylight − exploiting the thermal mass Design teams will need to address building energy in a much more holistic way − a whole building approach will be required − façade design and the efficiency of the HVAC/lighting system will become inextricably linked. − Key role for design innovation Source: Bill Bordass/Europrosper

8. Challenging and improving the way things are done Bring the client, design team and key stakeholders together Utilise an intensive team-work orientated multidisciplinary roundtable discussion Use Expert facilitation to ensure: –Radical (out of the box) thinking –A friendly, non-confrontational, non-combative environment is created –Genuine respect for and acknowledgement of input from all participants –Management of individual egos which can block progress

9. What are the benefits of Applied Sustainability? Clients – better buildings, lower construction and whole life costs, reduced risk, improved marketability Communities – greater consultation, more inclusion, less disruption Design teams – fewer reworks, easier passage through planning, improved reputation Occupants – secure, healthy, comfortable and productive environments The environment – increased use of passive (and active) renewable resources, reduced waste and pollution, improved energy and water efficiency

10. What are the key stages

11. Iterative design example - Daylighting Facade design and envelope design has a direct affect on : –need for solar control and/or air conditioning –size and capacity and space required for central plant –air and water distribution system –artificial lighting design

12. Interaction between building services Source: CIBSE Energy Efficiency in Buildings Guide

13. Natural ventilation Three key issues : building tightness (build tight - ventilate right) –A good proxy for construction quality good ventilation for occupants –Health, comfort and productivity issues natural ventilation design –Getting it right is challenging!

14. CASE STUDY 1 BAA Airport Terminal Building, Edinburgh Client BAA/Mace Brief Outcome Client Comment “We found the charette a valuable exercise…..one that makes commercial sense. The interdisciplinary workshop with expert advice gave us the opportunity to consider the bigger picture and challenge the existing concept design. This resulted in far closer design team integration and a better design.” Mike Healy, Operations Director, Mace Limited To critically evaluate the conceptual design and propose enhancements Incorporation of a free cooling strategy (passive and thermosyphon) Detailed façade study to be undertaken Radical review of fire resistance strategy (sprinklers and smoke extract) Greater consideration of whole-life implications

15. CASE STUDY 2 Client University of Glasgow Brief Outcome Client Comment “BRE’s involvement resulted in us incorporating passive and sustainable design features together with more traditional energy efficiency measures. We estimate an energy reduction of about 20% overall and at least 140t C per annum by adopting the GSHP recommendations alone.” Albert Young, Energy Conservation Officer, University of Glasgow To exceed current environmental good practice Achieve BREEAM “EXCELLENT” A building with significantly lower running costs and Carbon emissions Narrow plan provides effective daylighting Passive ventilation adopted High thermal mass material selected to avoid cooling Optimised building orientation Rowardennan Marine Research Station

16. CASE STUDY 3 Client Cancer Research UK Brief Outcome To evaluate the features of a fully glazed high tech laboratory with the objective of delivering a low energy building Achieve BREEAM “EXCELLENT” A building with potential for significantly lower running costs and Carbon emissions than the norm for the sector Triple glazed, argon filled, low emissivity glass facade Maximised natural ventilation to all non laboratory spaces Close attention to achieving high targets for U-values and airtightness Specification of energy efficient mechanical and electrical services/heating and ventilation controls/VSD/lighting control Beatson Cancer Research Institute

17. CASE STUDY 4 Client Hillingdon Borough Council Brief Outcome Develop and review proposals for sustainable regeneration of a School (including workshop with residents/users/governors/business community/planners etc) A building with significantly lower running costs and Carbon emissions Passive ventilation, free cooling and optimised use of daylight Detailed follow-up analysis of ventilation (cfd) daylight, accoustics resulted in overall energy target 18kgCO 2 /m 2 yr (76kWh/m 2 yr) SEAM Rating A Hayes Manor School

18. CASE STUDY 5 SNH HQ, Inverness Client SNH / Turner & Townsend Brief Outcome Client Comment “Scottish Natural Heritage’s new Inverness headquarters aimed to set a new example of sustainable development. This new building will serve the needs of Scottish Natural Heritage and the environment very well indeed. It also lends itself to being an extremely attractive and comfortable office which will be a joy to work in. We hope others will follow its example and there’s no reason why they should not.” John Markland – Chairman, SNH. Technical Advisor - Sustainability Wide ranging Stakeholder Consultation Detailed Brief, Performance Spec, Room datasheets and ITN Construction Phase and POE Monitoring ongoing Greater consideration of whole-life implications On programme and budget

19. Low Carbon 1.Make low carbon an explicit strategic objective for all your activities. 2.Set targets for energy and carbon efficiency and review them constantly. 3.When procuring altering or managing buildings think low carbon from day 1. 4.Don’t manage capital and operating budgets separately: invest upfront to save money and reduce CO2 emissions over the life cycle 5.Ensure everyone (including you) monitors CO2 emissions and takes steps to reduce them. 6.Decide what kind of help you need and get it.

20. Energy and Emissions Benchmarks Naturally Ventilated OFFICE Air Conditioned OFFICE Typical practice Good practice Typical practice Good practice Gas15179Gas17897 Electricity5433Electricity226128 Total205112Total404228 Naturally Ventilated OFFICE Air Conditioned OFFICE Typical practice Good practice Typical practice Good practice Total58.733.0Total144.886.2 Energy (kWh/m2/yr) CO2 emissions (kg/m2/yr)

21. Sources of good practice information? Wealth of Case Studies, Good Practice Guides and Energy Consumption Guides for many building types available. www.thecarbontrust.co.uk www.cibse.org www.est.org.uk

22. In summary - what type of buildings do we desire? Intelligent Innovative IntegratedInterdisciplinary Inspired I Q-A I Q-A = Intelligent Quality Architecture

23. Jonathan Fair fairj@bre.co.uk 01355 576200 www.bre.co.uk