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Published byJeremy Booth Modified over 9 years ago
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Allaa Hassan
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dih-kroh-SEE-lee-um den-DRIH-tih-kum
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Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Trematoda Order: Plagiorchiida Family: Dicrocoeliidae Genus: Dicrocoelium Species: Dicrocoelium dendriticum Liver fluke that is a parasite fluke. Lives in the liver of its hosts 3 host life cycle Adult worm chills inside sheep/cow Lays eggs Sheds into environment with host’s poo
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Europe North Asia North America and Australia North Africa Found in areas favoring intermediate hosts ▪ Fields with dry and chalky soils.
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Cows Sheep ▪ Any ‘grazer’ Although rare, humans, herbivorous, and carnivorous mammals can also serve as definitive hosts through ingestion of infected ants. No known vector
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1 st Land snail 2 nd Ant
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Sheep Cows Land snails Ants Goats Pigs Llamas Alpacas
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Captain Higgins http://theoatmeal.com/comics/captain_higgi ns http://theoatmeal.com/comics/captain_higgi ns
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Cows/sheep spread D. dendricitum eggs via poo. Snails ingest poo along with eggs. Eggs hatch in snail intestine, parasite crosses the wall of snail gut, settles in digestive gland, matures into fluke. Fluke produces cercariae, snail’s defense system wraps cercariae in balls of slime. Slime is coughed up by snail. Ants ingest slime balls along with cercariae. Parasite enters ant’s body, wanders, finds its way to a cluster of nerves that control ant’s motor skill. Most lancet flukes go back to abdomen to form cysts. 1 or 2 stay behind in ants head…
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Once they have control over ant’s motor skills…zombie mode begins. When the sun goes down, and the temperature is a bit cooler, the infected ant leaves its colony and is driven to the top of a blade of grass. The ant is driven to clamp its jaws on the blade of grass until the sun rises once again. (if ant is not eaten) once dawn comes, the ant resumes it daily activities with the colony, as if nothing happened. This continues night after night until the ant is eaten with blades of grass, by grazers.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGSUU3E 9ZoM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGSUU3E 9ZoM
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The flukes shoot out of the ants head and head straight for the liver. They chill there until they’re adults. Continue their lifecycle; they stay there, get married, have baby eggs. Eggs are released into the bile duct Intestines Poo
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Why does the ant come out at night and then head back to the colony after dawn? Why not stay out during daylight?
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Humans examine bile/ duodenal fluid for eggs Animals stool examination post-mortem examination of the liver.
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Rare in humans Most infections are asymptomatic and light In heavier infections: Cholecystitis ▪ Inflamed gallbladder Liver abscesses Upper abdominal pain.
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Drug of choice Praziquantel
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1. http://people.emich.edu/kselby/page%202.html http://people.emich.edu/kselby/page%202.html 2. http://theoatmeal.com/comics/captain_higgins http://theoatmeal.com/comics/captain_higgins 3. http://www.damninteresting.com/a-fluke-of-nature http://www.damninteresting.com/a-fluke-of-nature 4. http://www2.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/ParPub/te xt/index/plagi02i.htm http://www2.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/ParPub/te xt/index/plagi02i.htm 5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGSUU3E9ZoM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGSUU3E9ZoM 6. http://dailyparasite.blogspot.com/2010/08/august- 10-dicrocoelium-dendriticum.html http://dailyparasite.blogspot.com/2010/08/august- 10-dicrocoelium-dendriticum.html 7. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Dicrocoeliasis.h tm http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Dicrocoeliasis.h tm 8. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Dicrocoeliasis.h tm http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Dicrocoeliasis.h tm
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