1. 1 LOW COST SYSTEMATIC SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS Sue Groth Mn/DOT Sue.Grothdot.state.mn.us

2. 2 Impact of SAFETEA-LU Shift in Focus From total Crashes to Fatal and Serious Injury Crashes From higher cost site specific projects to lower cost systematic projects (proactive-reactive) Focus on lane departure and intersection improvements Shift in funding Federal Safety Programs (FY 2009 and beyond) From Decentralized to Centralized State – Local split based on F & A data Stand alone projects only

3. 3 Office of Traffic, Safety and Technology Edge Treatments Rumble Strips and StripEs Minnesota Local County Roads $1.9M in Enhanced Striping funded in 2009/2010 $3.5M in 6” Wide Pavement Markings funded in 2009/2010 $1.5M in Rumble StripEs/Strips funded in 2009/2010 Minnesota Trunk Highways $1.6M planned in Rumble StripEs in 2009/2010 98 miles of Wet Reflective Markings installed 2008 310 miles of Rumble StripEs installed 2008 328 miles of 6” Wide Pavement Markings installed 2008

4. 4 Office of Traffic, Safety and Technology Cable Median Barrier 139 Miles installed 96 Miles planned for 2009-2011 First before/after study is very promising Edge Treatments I-94 in Maple Grove Safety Edge Proven strategy Freeborn County

5. 5 Office of Traffic, Safety and Technology Horizontal Curves Lane departure crashes more frequent Potential countermeasures Chevrons/delineation Rumble Strips Wider markings Dynamic Feedback Signs Edge Treatments

6. 6 CSAH 13

7. 7 CSAH 22

8. 8 Intersections Rural Lighting Improved signage systems Active warning systems Sight Distance improvements “Black spot” improvements J-turns Roundabouts

9. 9 Systematic Signing for minor leg of intersection ½ distance between Stop Ahead and Stop Prioritized/Phasing 1.Stop bar 2.Stop sign 3.Junction sign 4.Stop Ahead Message 5.Stop Ahead Sign ½ distance between Stop Ahead and Junction sign 450’ (min.) to 750’ back, 1 size larger than Stop (up to 48”) Stop Bar, 12” to 24” wide, 8’ to 12’ back from edgeline Provide three devices indicating up coming intersection Add can delineators to Stop sign 36”, reserve 48” for intersections with documented deficiency and where there are RR grade crossings on the CH approach

10. 10 Active Warning Sign

11. 11 Active Warning Sign

12. 12 Intersection Warning System CR 47 and Lawndale Lane

13. 13 Questions? Thank-you

14. Texas – Meg Moore Shoulder Rumble Strips

15. Edgeline Rumble Strips

16. Centerline Rumble Strips

17. 17 Horizontal Signing

18. 18 Fluorescent Yellow Sign Sheeting

19. 19 Cable Barriers in Texas

20. 20

21. 21 Washington State Highways Centerline Rumble Strips Before and After Look Preliminary evaluations of 518 miles of centerline rumble strips that have been in place six months or longer indicate: 28% reduction in all fatal and serious injury collisions 26% reduction in all cross-centerline collisions 50% reduction in fatal and serious injuries resulting from cross- centerline collisions.

22. 22 Washington State Highways Cable Median Barrier Before and After Look Cable median barriers are installed to reduce the risk of vehicles leaving the roadway and striking hard objects, steep slopes, bodies of water, or crossing into oncoming traffic. While it is not possible to prevent all crossover collisions or vehicles leaving the road, cable barriers on the roadside or in the median help reduce the risk of very severe collisions. WSDOT installed 43 miles of cable median barrier in 2007, bringing the statewide total to 177 miles. WSDOT engineers analyzed the performance of the state’s cable median barriers from 1995 through 2007 by reviewing nearly 2,550 collisions in the median. They found: A 62% reduction of serious injury and fatal collisions (24.8/ year to 9.5/year after installation). Annual cross median collisions decreased 73%.

23. 23 Washington State Highways Cable Median Barrier Effect on cross-median incidents

24. 24 Washington State Highways Reducing fatalities and serious injuries on rural two-lane roads Although serious injuries on state highways and interstates have declined by 10.6% from 659 in 2002 to 568 in 2007, the number of serious injuries and fatalities on rural two lane state highways increased 14% (37) from 2005 to 2007. WSDOT analyzed the type and direction (run off the road, crossing the centerline) of each of these incidents, and subsequently developed location specific strategies. To improve safety, WSDOT has undertaken a series of location specific solutions to prevent and reduce the severity of serious injuries and collisions. On highways with a number of cars running off the road, WSDOT has initiated or planned roadside safety improvements, such as replacing or adjusting guardrail, replacing deficient signing or restoring sight distance at intersections, to reduce the frequency and severity of collisions and improve motorist safety.

25. 25 Nevada – Fred Droes Rumble Strips – All shoulders four foot or wider, $1.9 Project to install centerline rumble strips on 1300 miles of rural roads, concerns with placement and impact on pavement integrity

26. 26 Nevada Rumble Stripes – Started on the interstate, looking at other locations Median Barriers – Beginning use of cable median barrier Recovery Area – Project developed to flatten slopes, developing a statewide list of potential projects to widen shoulders and flatten slopes Curve Treatments – Evaluating the placement of traffic paint on vertical surfaces such as guardrail and barrier, Ultra Guard from Potters Industries

27. 27 South Dakota – John Alder A large percentage of fatal crashes are single car run off road – Improvements aimed at this problem include: Wider edge lines, 8” vs. 4”, on rural roads with narrow or no shoulders Delineation along more routes – helps with inclement weather and at night Upgraded sign sheeting (DG3) on certain signs including NO PASSING ZONE signs Tried deer reflectors with mixed results

28. 28 Maryland – Tom Hicks Single Construction Classification Construction ClassificationBenefit/Cost RatioSample size Signing74.4 to 1901.32 Signal timing411.7 to 23054.74 Lighting178.11 Roadway Grinding55.21 Install 3-way stop signs39.91 Rumble Strips182195 miles Resurfacing1.5 to 3.22 Signal Phase Change103.9 to 2488.16

29. 29 Combination Construction Classification Construction ClassificationBenefit/Cost RatioSample size Relocate signs, Remove Trees1946.71 Install signs & Pavement Markings127.31 Add lighting & signal timing90.41 Add signing & upgrade signal1061 Signal Phase Change & signal upgrade36.31 Additional signal Installation & signing296.51 Add signing & signal phase change50.1 to 77.82 Signal reconstruct & partial signing12.11 Add right turn lane, median, signing, phase change 20.91 Resurfacing, signal reconstruct, phasing change 5.81

30. 30 Kentucky – Jeff Wolfe Rumble Stripes – Only installed centerline rumble stripes on selected routes to date. Expanding use on two-lane rural roads with 12’ lanes Rumble Strips - Has installed shoulder rumbles (pavement texturing) for years on the shoulder wedge (rolled in). Pilot project this year (10 locations, 60 miles) to relocate shoulder rumble to the lane edge – rumble stripe Skid Treatment – Three Tyre Grip projects to address lane departures on rural curves Advanced Warning End of Green Flashers – becoming common in mountainous regions on high-speed corridors

31. Traffic Engineering Countermeasures to Improve Safety Mike Manthey, P.E. State Traffic Engineer Arizona Department of Transportation Every One Counts Safety Summit February 10, 2009

32. Roadway Departure Wider, durable pavement markings Wider, durable pavement markings Reflective pavement markers Reflective pavement markers Rumble strips Rumble strips Cable barrier Cable barrier Guardrail end treatments Guardrail end treatments Roadside/guardrail delineators Roadside/guardrail delineators

33. Intersections Signal heads Signal heads Pedestrian countdown signals Pedestrian countdown signals Access management Access management Transverse rumble strips Transverse rumble strips Street name signs Street name signs Speed feedback signs Speed feedback signs Roundabouts Roundabouts

34. Freeways Directional signing Directional signing Route decals Route decals Lighting Lighting Raised pavement markers Raised pavement markers

35. Pavement Markings 6-inch wide lane and edge lines 6-inch wide lane and edge lines Durable Durable 3% CRF (from 4 to 6 inch) 3% CRF (from 4 to 6 inch)

36. Reflective Pavement Markers (RPMs) 16% nightime crashes 16% nightime crashes Freeways: left edge line (20-foot spacing) and lane lines (40-foot) Freeways: left edge line (20-foot spacing) and lane lines (40-foot)

37. RPMs Recessed in groove for snowplow areas Recessed in groove for snowplow areas

38. Rumble Strips 25% CRF head-on/sideswipe (centerline) 25% CRF head-on/sideswipe (centerline) 18 to 35% road departure (shoulder) 18 to 35% road departure (shoulder)

40. Cable Barrier 90% CRF for freeway cross-median crashes 90% CRF for freeway cross-median crashes

41. Guardrail End Treatments System-wide replacement of BCTs System-wide replacement of BCTs

42. Roadside/Guardrail Delineators 25% CRF 25% CRF Initiating statewide roadside delineator project Initiating statewide roadside delineator project Texas Transportation Institute spacing Texas Transportation Institute spacing Maintainable system Maintainable system

43. Signal Heads Larger (42% CRF for angle crashes going from 8 to 12 inch LED lens) Larger (42% CRF for angle crashes going from 8 to 12 inch LED lens) Backplates and visors (20% to 50% CRF) Backplates and visors (20% to 50% CRF) Optic (15% CRF) Optic (15% CRF)

45. Pedestrian Countdown Signals 25% CRF for pedestrian crashes 25% CRF for pedestrian crashes

46. Access Management Statewide Access Management Plan being developed Statewide Access Management Plan being developed Raised medians 40 to 60% CRF Raised medians 40 to 60% CRF

47. Transverse Rumble Strips 28% CRF for stop condition 28% CRF for stop condition

49. Street Name Signs Easier to read Easier to read Clearview font Clearview font Capital and lower case letters Capital and lower case letters Advance Street Name signs Advance Street Name signs

51. Speed Feedback Signs Speed reductions of 5 mph Speed reductions of 5 mph Each 1 mph reduction in speed may reduce injury crashes by 5% Each 1 mph reduction in speed may reduce injury crashes by 5%

52. Roundabouts 76% CRF for injury crashes 76% CRF for injury crashes 89% CRF for fatal/incapacitating injury crashes 89% CRF for fatal/incapacitating injury crashes

54. Directional Signing Lane assignments from 2 miles in advance Lane assignments from 2 miles in advance

56. Route Decals

57. Lighting 20% CRF for nighttime crashes 20% CRF for nighttime crashes Replaced Type H and I breakaway light poles on interstates (high weight caused excessive vehicle damage) Replaced Type H and I breakaway light poles on interstates (high weight caused excessive vehicle damage)

58. Other

59. Other

60. Other Wrong-way movements Wrong-way movements

61. 61 For more information: www.wsdot.wa.gov/safety Ted Trepanier, P.E. Director Traffic Operations 360.705.7280 trepant@wsdot.wa.gov