1. The Essential Question
Name _______
Block _______
Date _______
Chapter 11 - Genetics
The Essential Question
Who is Gregor Mendel and what did he have to do with alleles, chromosomes, traits, or this topic called genetics?

2. Chromosomes Homologous chromosomes
Two nearly identical copies of each chromosome in an organism. One set is donated by the mother and the other set by the father.
Sister chromatids
After a chromosome has replicated during interphase they consist of two identical chromatids which are called sister chromatids.

3. Chromosomes
Gene
The basic unit of heredity. The sequence of DNA nucleotides on a chromosome encodes for the manufacturing of proteins and thus the traits of the organism.

4. Important terms and concepts
Gene: controls one characteristic
Alleles: alternative forms of a gene
Dominant: an allele that is phenotypically expressed regardless of the other allele
Recessive: an allele that is only phenotypically expressed when the dominant allele is not present
Locus: location of a gene on a chromosome

6. Important terms and concepts
Heterozygous: contains two different alleles for the trait being studied
Homozygous: contains identical alleles for the trait being studied
Genotype: the collection of alleles in an individual
Phenotype: the physical expression of the alleles (appearance & behaviour)

7. Gregor Mendel
He was a High School Biology teacher that gave up teaching to become a monk.
For his work in genetics, he earned the title of being know as: The Father of Genetics.

8. Mendels first law the Law of Segregation
Each organism has two hereditary factors for each trait, which are called ___________. And during meiosis, gamete (egg or sperm) formation, the two factors separate (segregate) into different gametes so that each gamete has only one type of each factor.

9. Mendel's second law the Law of Independent Assortment
Genes located on different chromosomes assort independently of one another.

10. Punnett Squares
Monohybrid Cross
TT x tt