1. English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration

2. Magna Carta

3. England 1600

4. King James Stuart I King James VI of Scotland King James VI of Scotland Inherited Queen Elizabeth I throne (1603-1625) Inherited Queen Elizabeth I throne (1603-1625) Key questions: how much power should Parliament have. Key questions: how much power should Parliament have. Believed in Absolutism Believed in Absolutism Worst struggles w/ Parliament were over money. They were reluctant ot pay for James’s’ expensive court & foreign wars Worst struggles w/ Parliament were over money. They were reluctant ot pay for James’s’ expensive court & foreign wars Offended Puritan members of Parliament Offended Puritan members of Parliament James = Calvinist James = Calvinist only agreed to one Puritan reform: translating the Bible: The King James version only agreed to one Puritan reform: translating the Bible: The King James version

5. King Charles Stuart I 1625 son of James, came to power 1625 son of James, came to power Always needed money Always needed money At war with Spain and France At war with Spain and France Dissolved Parliament several times when they refused him money Dissolved Parliament several times when they refused him money 1628 force to call Parliament 1628 force to call Parliament They refused him any money until he signed a document that is known at the Petition of Rights They refused him any money until he signed a document that is known at the Petition of Rights Agreed to sign the Petition of Rights Agreed to sign the Petition of Rights

6. Charles I

7. Petition Of Rights No imprisonment w/o due cause No imprisonment w/o due cause No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent No housing soldiers in private homes No housing soldiers in private homes No martial law in peacetime No martial law in peacetime Charles signed it & then… Ignored it!!!!! (even so… it was important b/c it set forth the idea that the law was HIGHER than the KING

8. King Charles Stuart I & the English Civil War Offended Puritans by upholding church ritual & a formal prayer book Offended Puritans by upholding church ritual & a formal prayer book 1637- he tried to force the Presbyterian Scots to accept a version of the Anglican prayer book! 1637- he tried to force the Presbyterian Scots to accept a version of the Anglican prayer book! Wanted one religion for both Kingdoms Wanted one religion for both Kingdoms Scots rebelled, threatening to invade England Scots rebelled, threatening to invade England Called Parliament to ask for money for the rebellion Called Parliament to ask for money for the rebellion Parliament now had a chance to oppose him Parliament now had a chance to oppose him 1641- Parliament passed laws to limit royal power 1641- Parliament passed laws to limit royal power 1642- Charles tries to arrest Parliament’s leaders; they escaped 1642- Charles tries to arrest Parliament’s leaders; they escaped Mob of Londoners Raged outside the Palace after the King! Mob of Londoners Raged outside the Palace after the King! He escaped & raised an army in the North (loyal to him) He escaped & raised an army in the North (loyal to him) 1642-49 – supporters (loyalists or Cavaliers) & opponents (Roundheads) fought a CIVIL WAR 1642-49 – supporters (loyalists or Cavaliers) & opponents (Roundheads) fought a CIVIL WAR 1644- Oliver Cromwell came to defend the Puritan opposition 1644- Oliver Cromwell came to defend the Puritan opposition

9. Charles I Tried for Treason & Executed 1647- the loyalists held the King prisoner on charges of treason1647- the loyalists held the King prisoner on charges of treason 1649- Charles was tried for treason, found guilty and EXECUTED!1649- Charles was tried for treason, found guilty and EXECUTED! First King ever to be tried, sentenced and killed by the peopleFirst King ever to be tried, sentenced and killed by the people

10. Oliver Cromwell & the English Commonwealth

11. Oliver Cromwell Puritan Morality imposed! Puritan Morality imposed! Sought to reform society Sought to reform society Made laws to promote Puritan morality & abolish “sinful” activities (dancing, theatre, comedy, sports) Made laws to promote Puritan morality & abolish “sinful” activities (dancing, theatre, comedy, sports) Favored religious toleration for all Christians; except Catholics Favored religious toleration for all Christians; except Catholics Became unpopular due to strict religious rules Became unpopular due to strict religious rules Son ruled after him, weakly Son ruled after him, weakly People began to long for the Monarchy People began to long for the Monarchy

12. The Restoration & Charles Stuart II 1660- Charles II entered London to cheers of support and celebration for the return of the KING 1660- Charles II entered London to cheers of support and celebration for the return of the KING Restored the theater, sporting events, dancing Restored the theater, sporting events, dancing Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedom, HABEAS CORPUS Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedom, HABEAS CORPUS 1679- law passed guaranteeing prisoners right to go before a judge & the accuser 1679- law passed guaranteeing prisoners right to go before a judge & the accuser Monarch could no longer put people in jail randomly Monarch could no longer put people in jail randomly Died 1685 with no heir Died 1685 with no heir

13. James Stuart II (Charles II brother) 1685- became King 1685- became King Offended the English by flaunting his Catholicism Offended the English by flaunting his Catholicism Appointed many Catholics to high office (illegal) Appointed many Catholics to high office (illegal) Parliament protested. James dissolved them Parliament protested. James dissolved them 1688- heir born, England became fearful at the prospect of a long line of Catholic Kings 1688- heir born, England became fearful at the prospect of a long line of Catholic Kings

14. James Stuart II & the Glorious Revolution

15. William and Mary James II older daughter (Protestant) was married to William of Orange (Netherlands). James II older daughter (Protestant) was married to William of Orange (Netherlands). Parliament invited them to overthrow James Parliament invited them to overthrow James William led his army to London William led his army to London James fled to France (to save his head) James fled to France (to save his head) = a BLOODLESS overthrown of a King = a BLOODLESS overthrown of a King THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

16. The “Conditions” = A Constitutional Monarchy William & Mary had to agree to rule according to English Law William & Mary had to agree to rule according to English Law They had to sign the Bill of Rights They had to sign the Bill of Rights Recognizing Parliament as their Partner in governing. Recognizing Parliament as their Partner in governing. No suspending of Parliament’s Laws No suspending of Parliament’s Laws No taxes w/o a specific grant from Parliament No taxes w/o a specific grant from Parliament No interfering w/ freedom of speech in Parliament No interfering w/ freedom of speech in Parliament No Penalty for a citizen who complains to the King No Penalty for a citizen who complains to the King William & Mary Consented William & Mary Consented Constitutional Monarch is Born Constitutional Monarch is Born

17. English Bill of Rights