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The Executive Branch
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Today’s Essential Question:
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Why do you think the presidency is called a Glorious Burden??
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Who assists the President?
When George Washington was President, people recognized that one person could not carry out the duties of the President without advice and assistance.
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The President receives help from the:
Vice President Cabinet Members Heads of Independent and Executive Agencies. Unlike the powers of the President, their responsibilities are not defined in the Constitution.
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The Executive Branch
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The Presidency. A Glorious Burden.
November Election Night. November Election Night.
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Not Just President Obama…
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I need to have all these Qualifications!!!!
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The Vice President You have a distinct old man smell, get away from me…… As soon as these cameras are gone so am I….
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Presidential Succession
Eight U.S. presidents have died while in office. One president resigned. In each case, the vice president took the oath of office and became president as provided by the Constitution.
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William H. Harrison, Natural Causes
John Tyler, Vice President
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Zachary Taylor, Natural Causes
Millard Fillmore, Vice President
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Abraham Lincoln, Assassinated
Andrew Johnson, Vice President
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James A. Garfield, Assassinated
Chester Author, Vice President
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William McKinley, Assassinated
Theodore Roosevelt, Vice President
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Warren Harding, Natural Causes
Calvin Coolidge, Vice President
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Franklin D. Roosevelt, Natural Causes
Harry Truman, Vice President
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John F. Kennedy, Assassinated
Lyndon Johnson, Vice President
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Richard M. Nixon, Resigned
Gerald R. Ford Vice President
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Twenty-fifth Amendment
adopted in 1967 new president nominates a new vice president Nomination must then be approved by a majority vote of both houses of Congress.
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The Order of Presidential Succession
The Vice President The Speaker of the House The President pro tempore of the Senate Members of the president’s cabinet in the order in which their departments were created
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Departments in Succession Order
Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of Defense Attorney General Secretary of the Interior Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health and Human Services Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Energy Secretary of Education Secretary of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Homeland Security
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7 Major Roles of the President
1.) Chief Executive 2.) Chief Diplomat 3.) Commander in Chief 4.) Political Party Leader 5.) Legislative Leader 6.) Judicial Leader 7.) Chief of State
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Powers and Duties of the President
1.) Chief Executive Carries out the nation’s laws Issues Executive Orders (rule or command the President issues that has the force of law; usually during time of crisis) Appoints cabinet members, ambassadors, judges, heads of govt. agencies
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Powers and Duties of the President
2.) Chief Diplomat Responsible for making treaties with other countries with Senate approval Meets with foreign leaders Can make Executive Agreements with leaders of other countries Has the force of law but does not require Senate approval Responsible for appointing ambassadors with Senate approval An official representative of a country’s government
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Powers and Duties of the President
3.) Commander in Chief President is final authority over all military matters Founding Fathers believed in civilian control over the military; person elected by the people has final say over all military matters President can use military in times of war. 1973: War Powers Act passed by Congress President must notify Congress when troops sent anywhere Troops must be brought home after 60 days unless Congress declares war, or gives approval for troops to stay. Controversial Law which has never been challenged in the Supreme Court; Checks and Balances issue?
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When was the last time the United States passed a Formal Declaration of War?
December 8, 1941. Japan Germany December 11, 1941. Italy
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Powers and Duties of the President
4.) Political Party Leader Supports party members in election campaigns and helps unify the party Appoints members of party to key govt. jobs
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Powers and Duties of the President
5.) Legislative Leader Proposes legislation and uses many tactics to get the bill passed Prepares the federal budget Approves or vetoes legislation
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Powers and Duties of the President
6.) Judicial Leader Appoints judges to Federal Courts and the U.S. Supreme Court Appoints Justices whose point of view is similar to their own
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Powers and Duties of the President
7.) Chief of State Role is symbolic – President represents all Americans - Gives a human face to American govt. - Can be demonstrated in many ways Greeting heroes
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Powers and Duties of the President
7.) Chief of State (Continued) - Throwing first pitches at baseball games - Inviting musicians to perform at White House
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Powers and Duties of the President
7.) Chief of State (Continued) Attending funeral of another country’s leader. Spee Speeches and Ceremonies
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Checks and Balances
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Executive Branch checks on the Legislative Branch
Vetoes laws Calls Congress into special session
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Executive Branch checks on the Judicial Branch
Appoints federal judges
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Legislative Branch Checks Powers OVER the President
Senate approves treaties and presidential appointments The House of Representatives appropriates money; “power of the purse” Congress can override veto Congress can impeach and convict the President and Vice President
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Judicial Branch Checks Powers over the President
The Supreme Court can rule Executive Acts unconstitutional Hey What Do You Expect..we only have one document to use here! Just follow it! Geez
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Executive Branch Checks Powers over the Legislative Branch
Judicial Branch Vetoes laws Convenes (calls) Congress into special session Nominates Supreme Court Justices and federal judges Grants pardons and reprieves Legislative Branch Checks Powers over the President Judicial Branch Checks Powers over the President Senate approves treaties and presidential appointments The House of Representatives appropriates money (Power of the Purse) - Congress can override vetoes Congress can impeach and convict the President and Vice President - Grants pardons and reprieves The Supreme Court can rule Executive Acts unconstitutional
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How the president influences policymaking (Laws/legislation)
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Executive Departments
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Executive Departments
Congress has the power to establish, reorganize and to eliminate executive departments
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Executive Departments
Each department as a specific area of responsibility
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Executive Departments
Heads of the Executive Departments make up the President’s Cabinet
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Cabinet Not mentioned in the Constitution, but every President has had a Cabinet Advise the President and help implement federal laws Title of most cabinet members is secretary Head of the Department of Justice is the Attorney General
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Department of the Interior Department of Treasury
Department of State Department of Defense Department of Justice Department of the Interior Department of Treasury Department of Health and Human Services Department of Transportation Department of Education Department of Labor Department of Veteran’s Affairs Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of Energy Department of Commerce Department of Agriculture Department of Homeland Security
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Independent Agencies and Regulatory Commissions
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Independent Agencies and Regulatory Commissions
Created by Congress Source of Administrative Laws: Laws not created by Congress, but by an agency Congress has given specific permission to create laws.
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Independent Agencies and Regulatory Commissions
Separate from the executive departments because they perform specialized duties. Help to carry out federal laws
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Independent Agencies and Regulatory Commissions
Internal Revenue Service Tasked with collecting taxes from all individuals and businesses in the United States Federal Communications Commission regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable
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The Federal Bureaucracy
Formed by the departments and agencies in the executive branch 3 million people work in the bureaucracy Operates under heavy rules and regulations that create “red tape
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