1. The English Exception The European World

2. Charles I Fights Parliament / 1625: / Charles I enthroned / always needed money / at war with both Spain and France / several times Parliament refused to give him funds / he dissolved it / 1628: / forced to call Parliament again / 1625: / Charles I enthroned / always needed money / at war with both Spain and France / several times Parliament refused to give him funds / he dissolved it / 1628: / forced to call Parliament again

3. The Petition of Right / Parliament refused to grant the king any money until he signed the Petition of Right / the king agreed to four points:

4. The Petition of Right / He would not imprison subjects without due cause / He would not levy taxes without parliament’s consent / He would not house soldiers in private homes / He would not impose martial law in peacetime

5. The Petition of Right / after agreeing to the petition, Charles ignored it / 1629: / Charles dissolved Parliament and refused to call it back into session / after agreeing to the petition, Charles ignored it / 1629: / Charles dissolved Parliament and refused to call it back into session

6. The English Civil War Begins / 1637: / Charles needed money and called Parliament into session / autumn of 1641: / Parliament opposed the king and passed laws to limit royal power / 1637: / Charles needed money and called Parliament into session / autumn of 1641: / Parliament opposed the king and passed laws to limit royal power

7. / January 1642: / Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders / they escaped / January 1642: / Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders / they escaped

8. / Charles fled London and raised an army in the north of England

9. / civil war raged from 1642 to 1649

10. The English Civil War / Cavaliers: / those who remained loyal to Charles were called Royalists or Cavaliers / Cavaliers: / those who remained loyal to Charles were called Royalists or Cavaliers / Roundheads: / Puritan supporters of Parliament who wore their hair short over their ears

11. Cromwell and the Commonwealth / 1646: / defeated the Cavaliers / held the king prisoner / 1646: / defeated the Cavaliers / held the king prisoner

12. Cromwell and the Commonwealth / 1649 - / executed Charles / abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords / established a commonwealth / a republican form of government / 1649 - / executed Charles / abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords / established a commonwealth / a republican form of government

13. Cromwell and the Commonwealth / 1653: / dissolved Parliament / drafted a constitution / tore up the document and ruled as a military dictator / 1658: / Died / new Parliament selected / 1659: / Parliament voted to ask the older son of Charles I to rule England / 1653: / dissolved Parliament / drafted a constitution / tore up the document and ruled as a military dictator / 1658: / Died / new Parliament selected / 1659: / Parliament voted to ask the older son of Charles I to rule England

14. Charles II / restored the theater, sporting events, and dancing, which the Puritans had banned / 1679: / Parliament passed habeas corpus law giving every prisoner the right to be brought before a judge / restored the theater, sporting events, and dancing, which the Puritans had banned / 1679: / Parliament passed habeas corpus law giving every prisoner the right to be brought before a judge

15. James II / 1685: / offended his subjects by flaunting his Catholicism / Parliament protested / James dissolved it / English Protestants terrified at the prospect of a line of Catholic kings / 1685: / offended his subjects by flaunting his Catholicism / Parliament protested / James dissolved it / English Protestants terrified at the prospect of a line of Catholic kings

16. The Glorious Revolution - William and Mary / James’ daughter, Mary: / was Protestant / wife of William of Orange / a prince of the Netherlands / Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism / James’ daughter, Mary: / was Protestant / wife of William of Orange / a prince of the Netherlands / Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism

17. The Glorious Revolution - William and Mary / William led his army to London in 1688 / James fled to France / William led his army to London in 1688 / James fled to France

18. The Glorious Revolution - William and Mary / William and Mary recognized Parliament as their partner in governing / England had become a constitutional monarchy / where laws limited the ruler’s power / William and Mary recognized Parliament as their partner in governing / England had become a constitutional monarchy / where laws limited the ruler’s power

19. The Glorious Revolution - William and Mary / 1689 / William and Mary officially consented to the Bill of Rights / 1689 / William and Mary officially consented to the Bill of Rights

20. The Bill of Right / no suspending of Parliament’s laws / no levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament / no interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament / no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances