1. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

2. James I (King James Stuart of Scotland)
#1) What problems did James I have as leader of England?
Struggles w/Parliament over $$$
Conflict w/Puritans who wanted reforms

3. Charles I Fights Parliament
Son of James I
1628 – called Parliament in order to get $ - had to sign Petition of Right
#2) What did the Petition of Right declare?
Not imprison subjects w/out cause
Not levy taxes w/out Par.’s consent
Not house soldiers in private homes
Not impose martial law in peacetime

4. Charles I Fights Parliament
#3) After agreeing to the petition, what did Charles do and WHY? What about Parliament?
Charles ignored the petition
He dissolved Parliament
Imposed fees & fines on English people to get $

5. Conflict Between Kingdoms
#4) What happened in 1637 causing Charles to need money?
He tried to force the Presbyterian Scots to accept Anglican prayer book
- Wanted both kingdoms to follow one religion
Scots rebelled
Charles forced to call Parliament into session
#5) What major conflict occurred between supporters and opponents of Charles I?
English Civil War

6. English Civil War #6) Those who were loyal to Charles were known as….
Royalists or Cavaliers
The Puritans who opposed Charles were known as…
Roundheads
#7) Who was the Puritan general who helped defeat the king?
Oliver Cromwell – New Model Army

8. Oliver Cromwell’s England
Charles on trial – found guilty of treason – sentenced to death
#8) What type of gov’t did he establish?
Established a commonwealth = republican form of gov’t
Drafted first written constitution (later torn up and Cromwell became military dictator)

9. The Puritans #9) Describe Puritan morality.
Abolished sinful activities (theater, sports, dancing)
Religious toleration for all Christians EXCEPT Catholics

10. Charles II
#10) The period of rule in which Charles II restored the monarchy is known as….
Restoration
#11) What does habeas corpus mean? What did it give every prisoner the right to do?
Latin = “to have the body”
Right to obtain writ ordering that he be brought before judge to specify charges
Monarch can’t just throw anyone in jail
Prisoners could not be held indefinitely w/out
trial

11. "I have always said the first Whig was the Devil" (Samuel Johnson).
James II
#12) Who were the Whigs?
Those who opposed James II (non-Catholic)
Who were the Tories?
Those who supported James II (Catholic)
His daughter Mary was Protestant – married to William of Orange (prince in Netherlands)
"I have always said the first Whig was the Devil" (Samuel Johnson).
"Wit and fool are consequents of Whig and Tory; and every man is a knave or an ass to the contrary side" (Dryden).

12. Glorious Revolution of 1688
#13) What was the purpose of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
Parliament asked Mary & Will to overthrow James II – James fled England
Bloodless overthrow
#14) Who became the rulers of England after the Glorious Revolution?
William of Orange & Mary

13. A New Type of Monarchy #15) Define constitutional monarchy.
Laws limit the ruler’s power
#16) What did the Bill of Rights of 1689 state a ruler could NOT do?
NO suspending of Parliament’s laws
NO levying of taxes w/out grant from Parliament
NO interfering w/freedom of speech in Parliament
NO penalty for citizen who petitions the king

14. Group of gov’t ministers, or officials
#17) What was the cabinet?
Group of gov’t ministers, or officials
Acted in ruler’s name but represented the major party of Parliament
#18) What is the leader of the majority party in Parliament that heads the cabinet known as today?
Prime Minister
Extra Question: Who is England’s current Prime Minister?
David Cameron (as of May 2010)
Sir Robert Walpole