1. England and Its Colonies
Chapter 3, Section 1

2. Mercantilism
England expects something in return for its generosity to the colonies
Mercantilism: goal is to become most wealthy country in the world by gaining the most gold/silver
Why are the colonies an important part of mercantilism for England?

3. Navigation Acts Navigation Acts: 1. Must trade only with England
2. Must use only English ships

4. Navigation Acts King Charles cracks down:
Created “Dominion of New England”
DoNE
New leaders enforced Nav. Acts, questioned Puritan beliefs, outlawed local assemblies, and created new taxes

5. New leader, same tricks King Charles II died in 1685
King James II (brother) took the throne
Catholic
Enforced Nav. Acts

6. New leader, same tricks Glorious Revolution: King James fled England
Parliament asked William and Mary of Orange to take over the throne

7. Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution showed that Parliament has more power than the King
In the colonies, Wm. and Parliament:
dissolve DoNE and reinstate colonial assemblies
Require more religious freedom
Begin Salutary neglect: policy giving the colonies more overall freedom

8. Glorious Revolution The only thing they didn’t do? Eliminate Nav. Acts
They strengthened them!
Moved smuggling trials to courts with English judges
Created the Board of Trade to monitor colonial trade

9. A Small Advantage
Colonial assemblies pay the governors’ salary

10. The Agricultural South
Chapter 3, Section 2

11. Southern Life Profitable crop that saved Jamestown: Tobacco
Cash crop: a crop grown in large quantities primarily to sell

12. Southern Life Tobacco is a labor-intensive crop
Originally enslaved natives, but this proved too difficult
1. Knew the land and could escape
2. Dying from smallpox

13. Southern Life
Began enslaving Africans
From 1690 to 1750:

14. Southern Life Plantation Owners Free white men
Indentured servants and women
Slaves and natives

15. The Slave Trade
Triangular trade
Middle Passage

23. Slave Resistance Ways that slaves resisted their owners: Faked sick
Broke tools
Worked slowly

24. Slave Resistance
Stono Rebellion: a group of S.C. slaves gathered weapons and rose up against owners; many Africans were killed whether they were involved or not
Began a crackdown on slaves

25. Ending the Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace”

26. Resources
Slavery
The Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace”
Slavery in Pictures

27. The Commercial North
Chapter 3, Section 3

28. Commercial North Diverse English German Scots and Irish Scandinavians
French fur traders

29. Salem Witch Trials

30. Commercial North
Diversity allows for two great movements to take root in the North
The Enlightenment
The Great Awakening

31. Type of movement Key figures Ideas What action to take
The Enlightenment
The Great Awakening
Type of movement
Intellectual
Religious
Key figures
Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson
Jonathan Edwards, Gge. Whitefield
Ideas
World is governed by mathematical laws, indiv. have natural rights
Puritan values, rededicate to God, need for salvation
What action to take
Experiment, rely on reason, question traditional authority
Join a church, found religious colleges, read the Bible, question authority

32. The Enlightenment
Ideas of the Enlightenment in America

33. North South Both one cash crops several cash crops
agriculture industry
Powerful farm owners
few cities
more uniform population
several cash crops
industry
Powerful merchants
many cities
diverse religions, ethnic groups, etc.
Both
Slaves
Conflict with natives
becoming wealthy
upset with England

34. Tensions Between the Colonies and Britain
Ch. 3, Section 4

35. French and Indian War
France was Britain’s greatest rival in North America

36. French and Indian War
French had alliances with major native tribes of the midwest (Huron, Ottawa, Ojibwe)
Built Fort Duquesne in present day Pittsburgh, but there was a problem
British granted that land to planters

37. French and Indian War
British sent George Washington and VA militia to drive the French out
Built Fort Necessity
Forced to surrender during French counter-attack
Beginning of French and Indian War

38. French and Indian War
Gen. Edward Braddock defeated by French guerrilla warfare at first
William Pitt borrowed a heap of money and began winning
Iroquois (one of biggest native alliances) joined British

39. French and Indian War French driven to Quebec City
British won by scaling cliffs around Quebec and taking the French by surprise

40. French and Indian War
Treaty of Paris (1763): ended the war with France
Great Britain received Canada and most of North America, including Florida from France’s ally Spain

41. French and Indian War To fight native resistance:
Brits gave two small pox blankets to natives during peace negotiations
To avoid major battles, Proclamation of 1763

42. Problems Resulting from War
Brits left 10,000 troops for colonists’ safety
Britain raises taxes to pay for its war debts
Writs of assistance: could search any building or ship for suspected smuggled goods
Sugar Act
Smugglers tried with one judge, no jury
Claimed rights being violated b/c no representation in Parliament