1. Great Awakening vs. Enlightenment Enlightenment – faith in reason, foremost American proponent Benjamin Franklin Enlightenment – faith in reason, foremost American proponent Benjamin Franklin Whitefield and Garden battle over Protestant Piety Whitefield and Garden battle over Protestant Piety Whitefield becomes first inter-colonial celebrity Whitefield becomes first inter-colonial celebrity Preached in Georgia in 1738 Preached in Georgia in 1738

2. England Becomes a World Power 1750 England is a leading world power 1750 England is a leading world power Colonies are more profitable than Spain’s or France’s Colonies are more profitable than Spain’s or France’s

3. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 Restoration Monarchs disliked representative Government Restoration Monarchs disliked representative Government Res. Mon. were sons of King Charles I Res. Mon. were sons of King Charles I Executed by Parliament Executed by Parliament Charles II rarely called Parliament Charles II rarely called Parliament James II (1685-1688) never faced an elected legislature James II (1685-1688) never faced an elected legislature Neither had sympathy for colonial legislatures Neither had sympathy for colonial legislatures

4. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 Charles II broke with tradition Charles II broke with tradition He did not keep military strictly accountable to civilian authority He did not keep military strictly accountable to civilian authority Charles appt former army officers to 90% of all government positions Charles appt former army officers to 90% of all government positions 1680 governor general ruled 60% of all American colonists 1680 governor general ruled 60% of all American colonists James II continued the policy James II continued the policy

5. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 New Englanders were resentful New Englanders were resentful 1661 Mass. Assembly declared its citizens exempt from all laws & royal decrees 1661 Mass. Assembly declared its citizens exempt from all laws & royal decrees Except declaration of war Except declaration of war Ignored Navigation Acts (welcomed Dutch traders) Ignored Navigation Acts (welcomed Dutch traders)

6. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 Charles II had special punishment for Mass. Charles II had special punishment for Mass. 1679 made a new Royal Colony from Mass. Territory (New Hampshire) 1679 made a new Royal Colony from Mass. Territory (New Hampshire) 1684 revoked charter – made Mass. a Royal Colony 1684 revoked charter – made Mass. a Royal Colony Increase Mather – Puritan minister, called on colonist to resist even to the point of martyrdom. Increase Mather – Puritan minister, called on colonist to resist even to the point of martyrdom.

7. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 Dominion of New England – 1686 King consolidated Mass., New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Plymouth into a single administrative unit. Dominion of New England – 1686 King consolidated Mass., New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Plymouth into a single administrative unit. 1688 He added New York and New Jersey 1688 He added New York and New Jersey Legislature ceased to exist Legislature ceased to exist Sir Edmund Andros became governor (former army officer) Sir Edmund Andros became governor (former army officer)

8. Royal Centralization 1660-1688 Andros was hated Andros was hated He forced New England Puritans to accept Anglicans He forced New England Puritans to accept Anglicans Forced acceptance of Navigation Acts Forced acceptance of Navigation Acts Suppressed the legislature (holding them to one meeting per year) Suppressed the legislature (holding them to one meeting per year) “You have no more privileges left you” Than not to be sold for slaves” “You have no more privileges left you” Than not to be sold for slaves”

9. Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 1676 - Duke of York becomes Catholic 1676 - Duke of York becomes Catholic Charles II converts on his death bed Charles II converts on his death bed Both ignore laws Both ignore laws Allow Catholics to hold high office and worship openly Allow Catholics to hold high office and worship openly Protestant fears are intensified – both kings express desire to ally with Louis XIV Protestant fears are intensified – both kings express desire to ally with Louis XIV Huguenot’s persecutions were intensifying Huguenot’s persecutions were intensifying

10. Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 James II has Catholic son James II has Catholic son England’s political leaders ask James’ II daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to come and take the throne England’s political leaders ask James’ II daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to come and take the throne The Bloodless revolution of 1688 The Bloodless revolution of 1688 Creates limited monarchy as defined by English Bill of Rights 1689 Creates limited monarchy as defined by English Bill of Rights 1689 April 18, 1689 – before confirmation – New England militia arrested Andros and his councilors April 18, 1689 – before confirmation – New England militia arrested Andros and his councilors

11. Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 William and Mary William and Mary Dismantle the Dominion of New Eng. Dismantle the Dominion of New Eng. Restored power of the elect to Connecticut and Rhode Island Restored power of the elect to Connecticut and Rhode Island Massachusetts Massachusetts Kept royal authority for Mass. Kept royal authority for Mass. Mass. Could absorb the areas of Plymouth and Maine, but could not regain New Hampshire Mass. Could absorb the areas of Plymouth and Maine, but could not regain New Hampshire The crown would choose the government The crown would choose the government

12. Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 *Property ownership not church membership would be criterion for voting *Property ownership not church membership would be criterion for voting The colony would have to tolerate other Protestants proliferating numbers of Anglicans, Baptists, and Quakers, non- Puritans The colony would have to tolerate other Protestants proliferating numbers of Anglicans, Baptists, and Quakers, non- Puritans Taxes would continue to support the church Taxes would continue to support the church End of the “New England Way” End of the “New England Way”

13. Leisler’s Rebellion May 31, 1689 – City’s militia seized the harbor’s main fort May 31, 1689 – City’s militia seized the harbor’s main fort Captain Jacob Leisler took command of the colony Captain Jacob Leisler took command of the colony Leisler called election for its assembly Leisler called election for its assembly 1691 English troops arrive 1691 English troops arrive Leisler feared the troops were loyal to James II Leisler feared the troops were loyal to James II Leisler had placed his allies in jail Leisler had placed his allies in jail Leisler was arrested and tried for treason – found guilty “for the King and Queen…. Leisler was arrested and tried for treason – found guilty “for the King and Queen….