1. Britain: The Triumph of Parliament
Section 4.20

2. Questions to Consider
Explain the nature of the Restoration in England. Of what significance was the legislation enacted by the Restoration Parliament?
How did religious matters again bring Parliament and king into conflict? What policies of James II precipitated the Revolution of 1688?
Summarize the legislation introduced after the Revolution of 1688?
Of what constitutional significance for England was the Revolution of 1688? Why have writers in more recent times “deglorified” the revolution? Give arguments for and against this point of view?
What were the consequences of these events for Scotland? Ireland?

3. Terms to Know Charles II Dissenters Treaty of Dover
“declaration of indulgence”
Test Act
Whigs and Tories
“trial of seven bishops”
“Glorious Revolution”
William and Mary
Battle of the Boyne
Bill of Rights
United Kingdom of Great Britain
Act of Settlement of 1701
Toleration Act
“penal code” for Ireland

4. The Restoration, 1660 – 1688: The Later Stuarts
Along with the monarchy, the Anglican church and the Parliament were restored
Charles II is wary of Parliament
Parliament is more loyal to king to keep the peace
Parliament cleans up property rights by abolishing feudal payments
Rents are replaced with taxes that Parliament controls by placing taxes on themselves
Payment of taxes gives Parliament control over England
arranged to have the king paid from taxes (Parliamentary control)

5. The Restoration Continued
Landowners became the justices of the peace “squirearchy”
decided small lawsuits, punished misdemeanors, cared for roads
Exclusion of the Dissenters
Puritans are excluded from government participation
forbidden to teach school, excluded from two corporations, gov. jobs, from having religious meetings, to sit in the HOC
Commoners are excluded as well Act of Settlement of 1662 limited the movement of the poor
each parish is responsible for its own poor (keep them immobile)

6. The Restoration Continued
Re-Catholicization was a slow drifting tendency in much of Europe
England remained staunchly anti-Catholic
Charles II was Catholic at heart
Secret treaty of Dover of 1670
Charles agreed to help Louis against the Dutch
Louis agreed to give Charles 3 million livres
James the heir of Charles announced his conversion to Rome (Catholicism)
Declaration of indulgence
Charles II announced non-enforcement of laws against dissenters
feared as a way to promote Catholicism
James II of England

7. The Restoration Continued
Parliament passes the “Test Act” 1673
All office holders had to take communion in the Church of England (1828)
Movement to exclude James from the throne by law grows
Exclusionists (known as Whigs) were mostly from Upper Aristocracy (great nobles)
Kings supporters (Tories) Lower Aristocracy and gentry

8. The Revolution of 1688 1685 James II becomes king
Suspends the Test Act and appoints Catholics to important positions
The alienation created by James II moves Tories over to Whig side
1688 a son is born to James II and baptized Catholic
Leading political figures abandon James II and offer the throne to his daughter Mary (Protestant)
Mary is the wife of William III who is focused solely on the plight of the Dutch

9. The Revolution of 1688
William III “invades” England and James II flees
1689 a skirmish with James II in Ireland (Catholic) ends the dispute and James II flees to France
Louis XIV refuses to recognize William III as king and supports James II

10. The Revolution of 1688 Continued
1689 Bill of Rights
no law could be suspended by the king
no taxes could be raised or army maintained without Parliament’s consent
no subject could be arrested without legal process
1701 Act of Settlement
no Catholic could be king of England
Toleration Act
Allows Dissenters to practice their religion but not be in gov
Existence of Catholic interests eventually was accepted ending wars over religion in England

11. Irish Threat of Revolution
1707 Scotland unites with England
Keeps Catholicism off the throne in Scotland
Gives Scotland economic rights in England
rights to the East India Company, English colonies, mercantilism, and Navigation Acts

12. Irish Threat of Revolution
England establishes a “penal” code over Ireland to keep it in check
Catholic clergy was banned
Catholics could not vote
Catholic teachers could not teach
Catholic parents could not send children to Catholic schools
Catholics could not take a degree at Trinity College
Catholic Irishmen could not purchase land
Catholic Irishmen could not own a horse worth more than 5 pounds
Irish exports are prohibited
Irish imports must come from England
Ireland was the most repressed population in Europe

13. Continuation of Cromwellian Settlement

14. Coalition Against France
England joins the coalition against France under William’s leadership
England lends money to the Dutch
Create the Bank of England
Creates liquidity that the Continent cannot match
British National Debt
Merchants of London, Whig aristocrats, having lent money to gov had big reason to defend it

15. Glorious Revolution
Sum of events after 1688 became known as the Glorious Revolution
Parliamentary government
Rule of law
Right of rebellion against tyranny (not in Ireland)
Restrictions on the power of English kings
Participation in government in England is limited
no salaries
serves the landed aristocracy
1710 Act requires large, landed incomes of HOC members
This class in many ways was the only class fit to lead