1. Unit 5 Absolutism to Revolution: 1500-1900
World History
Unit 5
Absolutism to Revolution:

2. Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500-1800 A.D.
Section 1
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

3. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
Objectives
To describe Spanish power under Philip II.
To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.
To describe the birth of the Netherlands.
To explain the origins of absolute monarchy
Vocabulary: Philip II, absolute monarch, divine right

4. Charles V’s Spanish Empire

5. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
Charles V
splits his Spanish empire
Philip II
Charles’ son
Spain, Spanish Netherlands, American colonies
King’s 1/5th
Portugal
Defender of the Faith
Battle of Lepanto
Spanish Armada
Arts
Diego Velazquez
Miguel de Cervantes
Don Quixote

6. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
Spain’s problems
Inflation
population increase, price increase
drop in silver value
taxes
expulsion of Jews and Moors
no middle class
merchant guilds
no capitalism; wealth flowed out
Dutch Revolt
occupation force
Calvinism and taxes
William of Orange
United Provinces of the Netherlands

7. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
United Provinces (Netherlands)
religious toleration
republic
focus on commerce
world’s largest merchant fleet
world’s bankers
art
Rembrandt van Rijn
wealthy merchants; groups
Absolute Monarchs
rule without limits
urbanization; middle class
decline in church influence
decline in nobility influence
divine right
God’s representative

8. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
Objectives
To describe Spanish power under Philip II.
Wealthiest and most powerful; Defender of the Faith; Golden Age
To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.
Inflation, unequal taxes, out-flowing wealth, Dutch Revolt
To describe the birth of the Netherlands.
William of Orange, religious toleration, commerce and banking, art
To explain the origins of absolute monarchy.
Retain all power, divine right, rise from centralization and crises
Vocabulary: Philip II, absolute monarch, divine right

9. Assessment 1) He split his empire and retired to a monastery
2) he inherited his father’s empire in Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and New World
3) title given to those who defend Catholicism
4) Spanish fleet defeated the Ottomans at this battle
5) They defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
6) This Cervantes character was like a bumbling medieval knight
7) They paid the majority of taxes in Spain
8) These guilds kept Spain from becoming capitalistic
9) He defeated Spain in the Dutch Revolt
10) The two reasons that the United Provinces of the Netherlands were unique
1) Charles V
2) Philip II
3) Defender of the Faith
4) Battle of Lepanto
5) English
6) Don Quixote
7) peasants
8) merchants
9) William of Orange
10) religious toleration and they formed a republic

10. Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500-1800 A.D.
Section 2
France’s Ultimate Monarch

11. France’s Ultimate Monarch
Objectives
To describe religious and political conflicts in France.
To explain Louis XIV’s policies.
To characterize the style of the French royal court.
To identify causes and effects of the French wars.
Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, skepticism, Louis XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste Colbert, War of the Spanish Succession

12. Religious Wars Create a Crisis
King Henry II & Catherine de Medicis
1559: Catherine real power
1572: St. Bartholomew’s Day
Henry of Navarre
Protestant Prince (Huguenot)
inherits the throne
Henry IV
1st Bourbon king
Catholic conversion
Edict of Nantes
religious toleration
Louis XIII
Cardinal Richelieu
de facto ruler
increased Bourbon power
Huguenots and nobles
skepticism
nothing can be known for certain
Michel de Montaigne

13. Louis XIV Rules Absolutely
most powerful king
crown at age 5
Cardinal Mazarin
Louis’ minister
1648 Thirty Years War Treaty
most powerful in Europe
fight with nobles
centralization of power
noble exclusion
intendants
tax and justice agents
Jean Baptiste Colbert
finance minister
mercantilism policies
Edict of Nantes revocation

14. Louis’s Grand Style Nobility Versailles morning dress
increased royal authority
dependence on Louis
kept from locales
Versailles
11 miles from Paris
$2B in 1994 dollars
36K laborers
500 yards long
What is similar in China?
Arts patronage
Sun King
glorify the king

15. Versailles Gardens

16. Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
France in 1660
largest population & army
Spanish Netherlands
Dutch Netherlands
‘dike’ warfare
League of Augsburg
balance of power alliance
Sweden, Spain, England
War of Spanish Succession
Charles II dies
Philip of Anjou
Treaty of Utrecht
Spain and France separate
Louis XIV legacy
empire, debt, resentment

17. France’s Ultimate Monarch
Objectives
To describe religious and political conflicts in France.
Protestants vs. Catholics civil wars; Henry IV religious tolerance; Cardinal Richelieu’s rise; skepticism embraced
To explain Louis XIV’s policies.
Cardinal Mazarin raises taxes / strengthens central govt.; Louis is France’s most powerful king; Jean Baptiste Colbert’s economy
To characterize the style of the French royal court.
Luxury; nobles waiting game; Versailles and patronage
To identify causes and effects of the French wars.
French expansion; European anti-French alliance; weakening
Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, skepticism, Louis XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste Colbert, War of the Spanish Succession

18. Assessment
1) This Protestant prince converted to Catholicism after gaining French throne
2) Henry was the 1st king of this dynasty
3) edict called for religious toleration
4) he was the real power behind the throne of Louis XIII
5) ‘nothing can be known for certain’
6) France’s most powerful ruler ever
7) they were tax and justice agents
8) this economic minister advocated mercantilist policies to King Louis XIV
9) the fabulous palace built by Louis XIV
10) this 1689 alliance in Europe was designed maintain a balance of power
1) Henry IV (of Navarre)
2) Bourbon
3) Edict of Nantes
4) Cardinal Richelieu
5) skepticism
6) Louis XIV
7) intendants
8) Jean Baptiste Colbert
9) Versailles
10) League of Augsburg

19. Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500-1800 A.D.
Section 4
Russian Czars Increase Power

20. Russian Czar’s Increase Power
Objectives
To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers began to build a stronger Russian state.
To characterize differences between Russia and western Europe and the emerging role of Peter the Great.
To describe Peter’s reforms and their impact on Russia.
Vocabulary: Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the Great, westernization

21. From Ivan to the Romanovs
Ivan III
founder of empire
liberated Russia from Mongols
centralize government
Ivan IV –
“good” –
czar
“terrible” – 1560
boyars
landowning nobles
traitors
Anastasia
Time of Troubles
battle for throne
Michael Romanov

22. Russia Expansion – Ivan IV

23. Peter the Great Takes the Throne
Russia in the 1600s
land of serfs and boyars
mid-1850s
serfs attached to land
isolation
Constantinople
Eastern Orthodox
Mongol threat
Peter the Great –
future of Russia
warm water seaport
competition
westernization
‘Grand Embassy’
customs and technology
England, Germany, Austria

24. Russian Expansion - Peter

25. Peter Rules Absolutely
Change Takes Power
Russian Orthodox Church
state control
power from nobles
appointing of ‘loyal’ lower class
westernized professional army
heavy taxes
Societal Changes
1st newspaper
increased women status
traditional dress banned
St. Petersburg
“window to the west”
water routes to Europe

26. Russian Czars Increase Power
Objectives
To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers began to build a stronger Russian state.
Czars strengthen Russian state; reduce power of boyars; Ivan the ‘good’ becomes Ivan the ‘terrible’
To characterize differences between Russia and western Europe and the emerging role of Peter the Great.
1696 Peter the Great takes throne; Russia is land of nobles and serfs, isolated and backwards; Peter visits and studies western Europe
To describe Peter’s reforms and their impact on Russia.
Peter westernizes Russia; religion under state control; limits power of nobles; modernizes army; Baltic Sea seaport at St. Petersburg
Vocabulary: Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the Great, westernization

27. Assessment 1) Who founded the Russian Empire in 1462
2) He liberated Russia from the Mongols
3) He was the 1st ruler to be called ‘czar’
4) Ivan got this nickname because of his treatment of nobles after his wife died
5) Russian landowning nobles
6) He emerged out of the ‘Time of Troubles’ in 1613 as the new Russian ruler
7) These people were ‘attached’ to the land
8) He tries to ‘westernize’ Russia
9) How did Peter pay for his new ‘westernized’ army
10) This city was the new capital and a Russian “window to the west”
1) Ivan III
2) Ivan III
3) Ivan IV
4) Terrible
5) boyars
6) Michael Romanov
7) serfs
8) Peter the Great
heavy taxes
10) St. Petersburg

28. Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500-1800 A.D.
Section 5
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

29. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
Objectives
To identify conflicts between English rulers and Parliament.
To explain the causes and results of the English Civil War.
To describe the Restoration and Glorious Revolution.
To explain political changes under William and Mary.
Vocabulary: Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious Revolution, constitutional monarchy, cabinet

30. Monarchs Clash with Parliament
Elizabeth
last of Tudors
James I
Scottish Stuarts
absolute monarchy
Calvinist
King James Bible
Charles I
son of James I
calls Parliament
Petition of Right
law is higher than king
dissolves Parliament
calls Parliament -1641
‘Scot’ problem

31. English Civil War English Civil War - 1642-1649
Parliament limit on king’s power
Charles I orders arrests
supporters and opponents of Charles I
Royalists vs. Roundheads
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan Roundhead leader
Charles I captured by 1647
lost English Civil War
public execution
rules England as military dictator
puts down Irish rebellion
tolerance except Catholics

32. Restoration and Revolution
Charles II
son of Charles I
habeas corpus
no jailing for political opposition
speedy trial
James II
Charles II brother
Catholic
Whigs vs. Tories
dissolves Parliament
infant son

33. Political Changes Glorious Revolution - 1689
William and Mary
Prince of the Netherlands
Protestants
Parliamentary invite
bloodless overthrow of James II
William as new English king
Parliament recognized partner
constitutional monarchy
laws limit monarch’s power
Bill of Rights
cabinet
prevent disagreements
link between monarch / majority

34. Stuart Family Tree

35. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
Objectives
To identify conflicts between English rulers and Parliament.
English kings clash w/ Parliament over money and power; Charles I dissolves Parliament
To explain the causes and results of the English Civil War.
Charles I recalls Parliament; Charles I supporters vs. opponents in Civil War; Puritans win civil war; Charles I executed
To describe the Restoration and Glorious Revolution.
Charles II as king; James II deposed; William and Mary take power
To explain political changes under William and Mary.
Constitutional monarchy; Bill of Rights; cabinet as center of power
Vocabulary: Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious Revolution, constitutional monarchy, cabinet

36. Assessment
1) This Scottish family followed the Tudors as the ruling dynasty of England in 1603
2) He was the founder of the dynasty in # 1
3) James I believed in this type of government
4) This English king lost his head in 1649
5) This event between brought Puritans into power in England
6) These two groups opposed each other in the English Civil War
7) This Puritan leader became a military dictator in 1649
8) He ruled following the 1660 Restoration
9) This calls for a speedy trial and no jailing of political opponents
10) William and Mary ascend the English thrown in this 1689 bloodless rebellion
1) Stuarts
2) James I
3) absolute monarchy
4) Charles I
5) English Civil War
6) Royalists and Roundheads
7) Oliver Cromwell
8) Charles II
9) habeas corpus
10) Glorious Revolution