1. Glorious Revolution

2. Glorious Revolution When did the Glorious Revolution take place? 1688
Who was the King of England at the time of the Glorious Revolution?
King James II
What religion was King James II?
Roman Catholic

3. Glorious Revolution
Why was King James' religion a problem for the members of Parliament and the people of England?
They were afraid that he would want to make Catholicism the official religion.
Before the Glorious Revolution, who did Parliament and the people of England hope would become the next monarch of England? Why?
They hoped that James II's daughter, Mary would become queen because she was a Protestant.
How was this hope dashed?
James II's wife gave birth to a son who became heir to the English throne.

4. Glorious Revolution
What did Parliament do after the birth of James's son?
Withdrew their support from James II, offered the throne to James's daughter, Mary, and her husband, William.
What did James II do when William of Orange invaded England?
Fled to France.

5. Glorious Revolution
What is meant by the term, "bloodless revolution" and how did it apply to the Glorious Revolution?
A bloodless revolution is a transfer of power between rulers/governments without fighting or deaths. The Glorious Revolution saw the transfer of power from James II to William and Mary without any bloodshed.

6. Glorious Revolution
How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and its aftermath ensure that the English monarchy would thereafter be limited in power?
Parliament's support was now essential for the rule of any monarch. Parliament had the power to remove or crown monarchs. The monarch was now subject to rule of law.

7. Thomas Hobbes Outline his work in “Leviathan” (1651)
People were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish
Social Contract is an agreement by which they gave up their freedom for an organized society
Government was an absolute monarchy, which could impose order and compel obedience

8. John Locke Wrote Two Treaties of Government (1690)
Believe Natural Rights or rights that belong to all humans from birth
Right to Life, Liberty, and Property

9. Voltaire Francois-Marie Arouet (1694-1778)
Philosopher who battled inequality, injustice, and superstition
Detested slave trade and deplored religious prejudice

10. Montesquieu Charles Louis de Secondat (1689-1755)
Wrote “The Spirit of the Laws” (1748) in which he discussed governments throughout history
He believed in the three branches of government (legislative, judicial, and executive), he believed in checks and balances

11. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Wrote “The Social Contract” (1762)
Felt society placed too many limitations on people’s behavior
He believed some controls were necessary, but they should be minimum
Only governments that had been freely elected should impose these controls.
Woven through his work is a hatred of all forms of political and economic oppression

12. Denis Diderot Help spread the enlightenment ideas
Produce an encyclopedia
French government and church try to ban it
Produced 4,000 copies between 1751 and 1789

13. Mary Wollstonecraft Published “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”
Equal education for girls and boys

14. Physiocrats French thinkers who focused on economic reforms
Rejected mercantilism which required government regulation of the economy to achieve a favorable balance of trade.
Urged Laissez Faire- allowing business to operate to little or no government interference
Supported free trades and opposed tariffs

15. Adam Smith Scottish economist Wealth of Nations (1776)
Urged the free market should be allowed to regulate business activities
Supported Laissez-Faire; however, he felt that government had a duty to protect society, administer justice, and provide public works
Ideas help shape productive economies in 1800s and 1900s.

16. Enlightenment Ideas Spread

17. Challenge Society
Censorship- Restricting access to ideas and information
Salons- informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophers, and others exchanged ideas
Montesquieu and Voltaire sometimes disguised their ideas in works of fiction

18. Arts and Literature Reflect New Ideas
Went from baroque, which was huge, colorful, full of excitement, glorified historic battles or the lives of saints to Rococo style
Rococo Style moved away from religion and was lighter, elegant, and charming
Inspired music and literature

19. Enlightened Despots
Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change

20. Frederick II (Frederick the Great)
King of Prussia
Saw himself as the “first servant of the state” with the duty to work with the common good
Reduce torture and allow free press
Religious tolerance

21. Catherine II (Catherine the Great)
Became Empress of Russia in 1762
Abolish Torture
Religious Tolerance

22. Joseph II Ruled Austria in the 18th Century
Modernized Austria’s Government
Supported religious equality for Protestants and Jews in his Catholic Empire
Allow Free Press
Attempted to bring Catholic Church under royal control