1. Parliament Triumphs in England
Chapter 4 Section 3
OBJECTIVES
Describe the Tudor monarchs’ relations with Parliament
Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a century of revolution
Understand how the English Civil War and the development of the Commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution
Explain the development of English constitutional government

2. I. A Century of Revolution
Elizabeth I
Dies childless
Closest relative is James I
King of Scotland
Start of the Stuart Dynasty
Belief in Divine Right

3. James I Constant clashes with Parliament
Mostly over money and foreign affairs
James would just dissolve parliament and collect taxes on his own

4. Charles I 1625 Believed in Divine Right 1628 Scottish Revolt
Summons Parliament to raise taxes
Parliament forces Charles to sign the Petition of Right
King cannot raise taxes without consent of Parliament
Charles signs it and then ignores it
Scottish Revolt
Charles forced to summon Parliament again
The Long Parliament (1640)
Session lasts until 1653
Back and forth struggles from

5. II. The English Civil War
Cavaliers
Supported the King
Roundhead
Supported Parliament
Puritans
Called roundheads for their haircuts

6. Oliver Cromwell Military Genius Organized the “New Model Army” By 1647
Officers of skill rather than social class
By 1647
Cromwell and his army captured the King
1649
Charles I is executed
1st time in history, the English ruler was executed
No ruler could claim absolute power

7. III. Cromwell and the Commonwealth
Parliament
Abolishes the monarchy, the House of Lords and the Church of England
Establishes the Commonwealth
Lead by Cromwell
The Struggle
Resistors from Scotland and Ireland
Supported Charles II
Levellers
Believed that the poor should have the same rights in the Government as the rich
1653
Cromwell takes the title: Lord Protector
Rules as a dictator

8. The End of Cromwell England becomes a very Puritan country 1658 1660
However England does not all follow Puritan teachings
Drinking
Gambling
Dancing
Theaters
1658
Cromwell dies
Puritans lose grip on government
1660
Parliament invited Charles II to take over

9. IV. Restoration to Glorious Revolution
Charles II
Reestablished the Church of England
Yet had Catholic sympathies
James II
Charles’ Brother
Inherits the throne in 1685
He is an open Catholic
Appoints Catholics to higher positions

10. Parliament
Invites Mary (James’ daughter) and her husband William of Orange to invade England
When William lands in England, James II flees for France
This event is know as the Glorious Revolution
The Bloodless overthrow

11. V. The English Bill of Rights
1689
Shows the superiority of Parliament
Trial by Jury
Abolished Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Toleration Act
Granted religious freedom to Quakers, Puritans and others
NOT TO CATHOLICS