1. Unit 5 Absolutism to Revolution: 1500-1900
World History
Unit 5
Absolutism to Revolution:

2. Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500-1800 A.D.
Section 1
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

3. BELLRINGER
If you had absolute control over the school, what changes would you implement?
Create a list of at least 5 changes you would make or 5 things you would do.

4. BELLRINGER 11/07/13
What are two qualities an absolute Monarch must have?
Some of you have claimed our President is an absolute monarch. Explain. If you do not believe this, explain why he does not fit the mold?

5. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
Objectives
To describe Spanish power under Philip II.
To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.
To describe the birth of the Netherlands.
To explain the origins of absolute monarchy
Vocabulary: Philip II, absolute monarch, divine right

6. Bellringer
What are 3 reasons for the decline of the Spanish Empire?

7. Why Absolutism Europe was experiencing a period of CRISIS
Religious Crisis
France: Wars of religion
Edict of Nantes: Catholicism is OFFICIAL religion of France, but Huguenots (Protestant) were allowed
Economic & Social Crisis:
Inflation
Witchcraft
30 Years War ( )
Disputes all over Germany over Peace of Augsburg
Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
German States could determine their own religion

8. SOLUTION TO CRISES!!! ABSOLUTISM: Total Power Divine right of kings
Centralization

9. Evolution of Absolutism
Quick Introduction…
What is an ABSOLUTE MONARCH?
A king or queen who has total power, and seeks to control all aspects of society
What gives the king their power?
Divine Right – belief that God gave the king his “right” to be king (God’s Representative)
Feudalism
Renaissance
Growth of Cities
Growth of Nationalism
Need for Central Power
Evolution of Absolutism

10. I. Spain’s Rise to Power
In the 1500s Spain gained land, this meant that Spain gained “power and influence.”
Spain had an ABSOLUTE RULER, Charles V.
What he controlled:
Spain
Spain’s colonies in the New World
Parts of Italy, Netherlands, and Austria
Much of Germany
Charles V split his land, and retired to a monastery

11. HAPSBURG FAMILY TREE

12. SPAIN
King Philip II
(42 years)

13. Phillip II of Spain His dad was Charles V (from the other slide)
His dad left him Spain, and many of his other holdings
Spain became very rich from their colonies in the New World, this made Phillip very wealthy and powerful.
Philip was a defender of Catholicism, (he hated the Muslims and Protestants) so he sent his large naval fleet to England to punish all non-Catholics.

14. Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Who: English vs. Spanish
When: 1588
Where : English Channel
Details:
130 Spanish Ships attacked the English navy
English Navy outmaneuvered Spanish, and used long range guns on them
Results:
Spain was weakened
English Navy became the strongest navy on the Planet

15. Problems within the Spanish Empire
The massive wealth that Spain acquired, led to long-term financial problems.
Inflation – value of money is worth less, because so many people have lots of it.
Tax Problems for the Lower Class, led to the near elimination of Middle Class.
King had to borrow money from other countries, and 3 times he had to declare bankruptcy.

16. II. Birth of the Netherlands The Dutch Revolt
Phillip had to raise an army to keep his subjects under control.
Many Dutch were Calvinist (Spain was Catholic).
The Dutch had a prosperous Middle Class
Phillip raised taxes in the Netherlands and tried to end Protestantism.

17. Dutch Revolt (cont’d)
1566 angry protestant mobs swept through Catholic Churches.
1568 Phillip had 1500 protestants killed.
1579 they claimed their independence and became the United Provinces of the Netherlands.

18. Independent Dutch Prosper
United Provinces of the Netherlands practiced religious toleration.
They were a Republic (each province had an elected governor)
Stable gov’t led to economic growth (large fleet allowed for lots of trading!)

19. Dutch Art
During 1600s, the Netherlands became what Florence had been in the 1400s (remember the Renaissance?)
The best banks and artists
Rembrandt van Rijn was the best.
Portraits of wealthy merchants
Group portraits
Sharp contrast of light and dark, showed individuality of each person

21. Absolutism Dominates Europe
Why did monarchs gain power?
Decline of feudalism
Rise of cities
Merchants supported monarchs
Crises
Religious and territorial conflicts
Monarchs tried to regulate this by gaining more power

22. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
Objectives
To describe Spanish power under Philip II.
Wealthiest and most powerful; Defender of the Faith; Golden Age
To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.
Inflation, unequal taxes, out-flowing wealth, Dutch Revolt
To describe the birth of the Netherlands.
William of Orange, religious toleration, commerce and banking, art
To explain the origins of absolute monarchy.
Retain all power, divine right, rise from centralization and crises
Vocabulary: Philip II, absolute monarch, divine right

23. Assessment 1) He split his empire and retired to a monastery
2) he inherited his father’s empire in Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and New World
3) title given to those who defend Catholicism
5) They defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
6) They paid the majority of taxes in Spain
8) These guilds kept Spain from becoming capitalistic
9) He defeated Spain in the Dutch Revolt
10) The two reasons that the United Provinces of the Netherlands were unique
1) Charles V
2) Philip II
3) Defender of the Faith
5) English
7) peasants
8) merchants
9) William of Orange
10) religious toleration and they formed a republic

25. Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500-1800 A.D.
Section 2
France’s Ultimate Monarch

26. France’s Ultimate Monarch
Objectives
To describe religious and political conflicts in France.
To explain Louis XIV’s policies.
To characterize the style of the French royal court.
To identify causes and effects of the French wars.
Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, skepticism, Louis XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste Colbert, War of the Spanish Succession

27. Religious Wars Create a Crisis
King Henry II & Catherine de Medicis
1559: Catherine real power
1572: St. Bartholomew’s Day
Henry of Navarre
Protestant Prince (Huguenot)
inherits the throne
Henry IV
1st Bourbon king
Catholic conversion
Edict of Nantes
religious toleration
Louis XIII
Cardinal Richelieu
de facto ruler
increased Bourbon power
Huguenots and nobles
skepticism
nothing can be known for certain
Michel de Montaigne

28. Religious Wars and Power Struggles FRANCE

29. Henry of Navarre(1553 –1610)
Became Henry IV (1589 to 1610) the first king of the Bourbon dynasty
Catholics opposed Henry, why? So what did he do?
With the Edict of Nantes Henry allows the Huguenots (French Protestants) to live and worship in France
Devoted to rebuilding France and restoring the monarchy
How does Henry die?
Declaration of religious tolerance in France

30. LOUIS XIII - (1601 –1643) King of France – 1610-1643
WEAK
1624 Louis XIII’s minister (and leader of the Catholic Church in France) essentially rules – Cardinal Richelieu France…problem?
He hated the Huguenot Strengthened his own power by weakening the nobles influence (made them take down their fortified castles)strengthened Middle Class

31. (1618–1648) THIRTY YEARS WAR
France enters the 30 years war –Richelieu wanted to make the strongest nation in Europe so tried to take power from the Hapsburg Empire (SPAIN)
Involved most countries in Europe and one of the longest and most destructive wars in European History.
Over Religion – Rivalry-

32. The efforts of Louis XIII and Richelieu to strengthen the French Monarchy paved the way for the most powerful ruler in FRENCH history
LOUIS XIV

33. 1. Describe Versailles
2. Why does Louis XIV dislike nobility?
3. Explain the Edict of Nantes

34. Louis XIV said “I am the state”- explain what he meant by this statement
Compare Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin. What is one issue/view they have in common?

35. Louis XIV Rules Absolutely
-NICKNAME – SUN KING
most powerful king
Longest Reign of any monarch
crown at age 5
Cardinal Mazarin
Louis’ minister
Mazarin’s “rule” caused the nobles to revolt. (increased taxes and strengthened central govt) Louis hated this and made up his mind that he would become so powerful that the nobles would NEVER rise against him.
L ‘etat c’est moi! (I am the State)
Divine Rights of Kings

36. LOUIS REIGN -1661 Mazarin dies and Louis takes control
Louis’ ACTIONS
Weakened the nobility by excluding them from his councils
Increased power of govt agents like tax collectors and justice people
1685-canceled the Edict
Of Nantes - as a result 1000’s of Huguenot artists and buisness people fled France
-Robbed France of many skilled workers
EXPANDED THE ECONOMY
Jean Baptist Colbert – Minister of Finance used Mercantilism to build France’s bank accounts
Focused on making money in the New World (fur trade)
Wanted France to be self sufficient (no imports)
Manufactured everything in France and placed high tariffs on imports

37. Versailles 1. King’s home 2. location of central government
-plan was to keep nobles busy with court life and out of state business

39. Versailles Gardens

40. Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
France in 1660
largest population & army
Wanted to expand France’s borders
Spanish Netherlands – 1667
Gained 12 towns
Dutch Netherlands
‘flooded countryside
League of Augsburg
balance of power alliance
Sweden, Spain, England
Joined together against France

41. War of Spanish Succession
France and Spain were on the verge of unification
1700 Charles II died
Left his inheritance to Louis’s grandson Phillip of Anjou
Other countries of Europe were scared that this would be too much power for the Bourbon Kings.
Result: Treaty of Utrecht
Spain and France were beaten, and the thrones were not permitted to be unified.

42. Positives that Louis Brought
Louis 14: Legacy & Death
Positives that Louis Brought
Strengthened France in Art & Literature
Strengthened French Military and influence in Europe
Strengthened the French Colonies in the New World
Negatives that Louis Brought
Constant Warfare
Lots of debts (palace and fighting)
High Taxes for the people
Set the stage for the French Revolution
Louis died in his bed in The French people celebrated when they heard the news.

43. France’s Ultimate Monarch
Objectives
To describe religious and political conflicts in France.
Protestants vs. Catholics civil wars; Henry IV religious tolerance; Cardinal Richelieu’s rise; skepticism embraced
To explain Louis XIV’s policies.
Cardinal Mazarin raises taxes / strengthens central govt.; Louis is France’s most powerful king; Jean Baptiste Colbert’s economy
To characterize the style of the French royal court.
Luxury; nobles waiting game; Versailles and patronage
To identify causes and effects of the French wars.
French expansion; European anti-French alliance; weakening
Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, skepticism, Louis XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste Colbert, War of the Spanish Succession

44. Assessment
1) This Protestant prince converted to Catholicism after gaining French throne
2) Henry was the 1st king of this dynasty
3) edict called for religious toleration
4) he was the real power behind the throne of Louis XIII
5) ‘nothing can be known for certain’
6) France’s most powerful ruler ever
7) they were tax and justice agents
8) this economic minister advocated mercantilist policies to King Louis XIV
9) the fabulous palace built by Louis XIV
10) this 1689 alliance in Europe was designed maintain a balance of power
1) Henry IV (of Navarre)
2) Bourbon
3) Edict of Nantes
4) Cardinal Richelieu
5) skepticism
6) Louis XIV
7) intendants
8) Jean Baptiste Colbert
9) Versailles
10) League of Augsburg

45. Describe how Louis XIV is the epitome of an absolute Monarch.
What was the War of Spanish Succession?

46. IV. The 30 Years War When: 1618 – 1648 Where: HRE – Germanic lands
Who: Protestants (with Lutheran help) and Catholics
Details: Conflict over religion, territory, and for power among European ruling families
Results:
Hurt Germany most (lost 4 million people)
Treaty: Peace of Westphalia
This was the last religious war in Europe
Europe became a group independent countries, rather than a Catholic Empire

47. Central Powers collide
Peace of Westphalia
- - Divided the Holy Roman Empire into more than 300 separate states
Hapsburgs still ruled Austria and Bohemia
- Ended hopes of absolute monarchy over all of Germany
Each territory decide religion
Strengthened France

48. The 7 Years War When: 1756 - 1763 Where: Europe, India, North America
Who: England vs. France (and their allies)
Why: Frederick of Prussia attacked Saxony-an ally of Austria and everyone went to war.
Results: England gained the most
They took all of France’s holding in the New World
England gained trading domination in India

49. V. Formation of European Countries
Central European Countries developed slowly. Western European countries developed quickly.
Western Europe
Serfs gained independence and moved to cities to form the middle class
Strong Empires
Strong Leaders
Central Europe
Serfs were restricted from leaving their farming lifestyles, stuck in the lower class
Weak Empires
Weak Leaders

50. Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500-1800 A.D.
Section 4
Russian Czars Increase Power

51. Russian Czar’s Increase Power
Objectives
To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers began to build a stronger Russian state.
To characterize differences between Russia and western Europe and the emerging role of Peter the Great.
To describe Peter’s reforms and their impact on Russia.
Vocabulary: Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the Great, westernization

52. From Ivan to the Romanovs
Russia emerged as a “player” by the end of the 1600’s
Ivan IV – (only 3)
“good” –
czar
“terrible” – 1560
boyars
landowning nobles
traitors
Anastasia
Time of Troubles ( )
battle for throne
Boyars (old nobility)
Michael Romanov –began the Romanov dynasty – 1613
In your notes list 5 interesting facts about the govt in Russia

53. Details about killing his son
In 1581, Ivan beat his pregnant daughter-in-law for wearing immodest clothing, causing a miscarriage. His son, also named Ivan, upon learning of this, engaged in a heated argument with his father, which resulted in Ivan striking his son in the head with his pointed staff, causing his son's (accidental) death. This event is depicted in the famous painting by Ilya Repin, Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on Friday, November 16, 1581 better known as Ivan the Terrible killing his son

54. I am your god as God is mine
I am your god as God is mine. My throne is surrounded by archangels as is the throne of God

55. Peter the Great Takes the Throne
Ascended to the throne at age 10
1696- Ruled Russia alone
Strengthened the power of the czar (that is added to his ABSOLUTE POWER)
Russia was very backwards, Peter was determined to change this.

56. Peter’s Reforms
In order to make “Westernize” Russia, Peter had to strengthen is ABSOLUTE POWER. Here’s what he did:
Controlled the Russian Church
Reduced the power of the Upper Class, and created a Middle Class
Enlarged the Russian Army (raised taxes to pay them)

57. Peter’s Westernization of Russia
The Westernization Process
Introduced Potatoes as a part of their diet
Started a newspaper
Allowed women to attend social gatherings
Had the Nobles start wearing Western Fashions
Education Focus: Navigation, Arts, and Sciences
List 5 facts about westernization
Results of Peter’s Actions: Russia became modernized, and better off as a result of his efforts.

58. Russian Expansion - Peter
Established a seaport to promote education and growth and easier to trade with West – ST. PETERSBERG
By his death in 1725 – Russia was a force to be reckoned with in Europe

59. Russian Czars Increase Power
Objectives
To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers began to build a stronger Russian state.
Czars strengthen Russian state; reduce power of boyars; Ivan the ‘good’ becomes Ivan the ‘terrible’
To characterize differences between Russia and western Europe and the emerging role of Peter the Great.
1696 Peter the Great takes throne; Russia is land of nobles and serfs, isolated and backwards; Peter visits and studies western Europe
To describe Peter’s reforms and their impact on Russia.
Peter westernizes Russia; religion under state control; limits power of nobles; modernizes army; Baltic Sea seaport at St. Petersburg
Vocabulary: Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the Great, westernization

60. Assessment 1) Who founded the Russian Empire in 1462
2) He liberated Russia from the Mongols
3) He was the 1st ruler to be called ‘czar’
4) Ivan got this nickname because of his treatment of nobles after his wife died
5) Russian landowning nobles
6) He emerged out of the ‘Time of Troubles’ in 1613 as the new Russian ruler
7) These people were ‘attached’ to the land
8) He tries to ‘westernize’ Russia
9) How did Peter pay for his new ‘westernized’ army
10) This city was the new capital and a Russian “window to the west”
1) Ivan III
2) Ivan III
3) Ivan IV
4) Terrible
5) boyars
6) Michael Romanov
7) serfs
8) Peter the Great
heavy taxes
10) St. Petersburg

61. Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500-1800 A.D.
Section 5
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

63. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
Objectives
To identify conflicts between English rulers and Parliament.
To explain the causes and results of the English Civil War.
To describe the Restoration and Glorious Revolution.
To explain political changes under William and Mary.
Vocabulary: Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious Revolution, constitutional monarchy, cabinet

64. Monarchs Defy Parliament
First, you need to understand that a MONARCHY is a form of ABSOLUTISM.
The Monarchs (Kings and Queens) felt that they were above the law (i.e. – Parliament)
Parliament – English version of Congress

65. Monarchs vs. Parliament
Queen Elizabeth – she had problems with the parliament regarding money
James I – he had problems with the parliament regarding religion
Charles I – fired the Parliament – just got rid of it!

66. Charles I (1625-1649) vs. Parliament
Charles fired Parliament
Then he needed them back to get him some money –
He “re-hired” them.
The only way that Parliament would give him money is if he signed the Petition of Right.
No false imprisonment
No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent
No housing of soldiers in homes
No martial (absolute) law in peace time
Charles signed it – then he IGNORED it.
Parliament then withheld money – He fired them again…
Might have ruled indefinitely with out parliament except his religious policies against Scotland-needed money for war
Wanted England to have one religion

67. 1. Describe the good and the bad of Louis XIV
2. Choose your favorite monarch and explain how they displayed absolute power

68. English Civil War English Civil War - 1642-1646
Parliament limit on king’s power
Charles I orders arrests
Royalists/Cavaliers (kings supporters vs. Roundheads (Parliament supporters )
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan Roundhead leader
Charles I captured by 1647
lost English Civil War
public execution

69. OLIVER CROMWELL’S RULE
1649 – England officially became a PURITAN state
Formed a military state
Very strict
Defeated the Irish Catholics
1653- disbanded Parliament and ruled as “Lord Protector”
Died in 1658
Charles II –took the throne in 1680 – called the RESTORATION period
Anglican church
A document ordering prisoners be brought before a judge to specify the charges

70. Glorious Revolution 1685 Charles II died with NO heir
His brother James II took over (but he was catholic!)
He soon offended Parliament and voted some Catholic friends into high office (against the law)
Parliament protested, so he fired them
His wife then had a son and the people were scared that a long line of Catholics would rule.
Glorious Revolution
William and Mary ( daughter of James II)
Prince of the Netherlands
Protestants
Parliamentary invite
-bloodless overthrow of James II
William as new English king
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY :
There is a monarch in place,
however they are limited in
their power

71. Limit on Monarch’s power
ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1689
No suspending Parliament’s laws
No levying taxes without consent
Freedom of speech for Parliament
Citizens can petition the king about grievances

72. Stuart Family Tree

73. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
Objectives
To identify conflicts between English rulers and Parliament.
English kings clash w/ Parliament over money and power; Charles I dissolves Parliament
To explain the causes and results of the English Civil War.
Charles I recalls Parliament; Charles I supporters vs. opponents in Civil War; Puritans win civil war; Charles I executed
To describe the Restoration and Glorious Revolution.
Charles II as king; James II deposed; William and Mary take power
To explain political changes under William and Mary.
Constitutional monarchy; Bill of Rights; cabinet as center of power
Vocabulary: Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious Revolution, constitutional monarchy, cabinet

74. Assessment
1) This Scottish family followed the Tudors as the ruling dynasty of England in 1603
2) He was the founder of the dynasty in # 1
3) James I believed in this type of government
4) This English king lost his head in 1649
5) This event between brought Puritans into power in England
6) These two groups opposed each other in the English Civil War
7) This Puritan leader became a military dictator in 1649
8) He ruled following the 1660 Restoration
9) This calls for a speedy trial and no jailing of political opponents
10) William and Mary ascend the English thrown in this 1689 bloodless rebellion
1) Stuarts
2) James I
3) absolute monarchy
4) Charles I
5) English Civil War
6) Royalists and Roundheads
7) Oliver Cromwell
8) Charles II
9) habeas corpus
10) Glorious Revolution