1. 1 Assessing the Value of Mitigation Strategies in Reducing the Impacts of Rapid-Onset, Catastrophic Floods* W.M. Johnstone, P.Eng, PhD Student, UBC Civil Engineering B.J. Lence, Ph.D., Professor, UBC Civil Engineering 4th International Symposium on Flood Defence: Managing Flood Risk, Reliability and Vulnerability Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 6-8, 2008 * - In terms of Loss of Life

2. 2 Consequences of Rapid-Onset, Catastrophic Floods Indian Ocean Tsunami – Dec 2004 (Banda Aceh – Before & After)

3. 3 “Stay” “Go” Flood Hazard Mitigation Traffic Management / Evacuation Routes Shelter-in-place/Tsunami Evacuation Platforms

4. 4 Components of Emergency Planning & Preparedness Questions Question Subelements 1 Themes 2 People / Objects 3 Dimensions 4 Outcomes Hazard Vulnerability Risk Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery Earthquake Onshore wave Person Building Vehicle Debris Road, Bridge Safe Haven Telephone Power Location Elevation Time Flow depth Flow velocity Distance Time span Magnitude Intensity Probability No effect Injury Damage Loss Reach safe haven “Where is the hazard most severe?” “How many people could be killed?” “Is evacuation feasible?” “Where are the candidate safe havens?” … National Provincial Community

5. 5 Assessing Mitigation Strategies: Conceptual Framework (after Hartford & Baecher 2002)

6. 6 Evacuation Timing Concepts (after Han, Yuan, Urbanik - 2007) … as a function of time and space Losses (no plan) Losses (with plan)

7. 7 Assessment of Current Flood Loss and Evacuation Models (Johnstone & Sakamoto, 2005) Solution Space?

8. 8 Community at Risk Ucluelet means “safe harbour” in the local Nuu-Chah-Nulth (Nootka) language

9. 9 Methodology Study Design Seismic Hazard, Tsunami Model & Onshore Wave Model Model Community at Risk Loss Scenarios Evacuation Scenarios Risk Communication What will the water do? Who is vulnerable? What might happen? How to get away? How to say it better?

10. 10 Building Stock

11. 11 Hazard Characterization

12. 12 Hazard Characterization

13. 13 Vulnerability Vulnerability x Hazard: Potential Consequences Tsunami Hazard People Buildings Risk

14. 14 Vulnerability Analysis: Key Exposures / Evacuation Planning (Johnstone 2007)

15. 15 Contributions / Future Research  Contributions Movement towards more credible estimates Assessment of and improvements to Emergency Response Plans  Future Work: Incorporate interventions into the risk framework Measures of effectiveness Develop a two-tiered approach Naghibi and Lence – Investigating habitat impacts due to rapid-onset flows  Key Points: Importance of spatial & time concepts / level of detail Community engagement Validity/Credibility 

16. 16 Acknowledgements