3. What is the source of energy in this ecosystem? What path does energy take to get to the hawk?

4. A Food Chain is a simple model that scientists use to show how matter and energy move through an ecosystem. ?

5. A Food Chain is drawn using arrows to indicate the direction in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next.

6. Locate the three envelopes containing the food chain cards and the envelope with the matter and energy flow arrows. Take out four arrows, then remove the food chain cards from the envelope labeled Set 1. Use all of the cards and the four arrows to make a food chain.

7. Remove the second set of food chain cards and make a second food chain, again using four matter and energy arrows. Do the same with the third set of food chain cards. There should be three separate food chains on the table. Record your food chains in your notebook Examine each of the food chains above. Which food chain is most sustainable? Support your answer with information from the food chains and record it in your notebook

8. Choose at least 10 of the food chain cards and arrange them to form a food web. Place the matter and energy flow arrows in the appropriate places within the food web. Draw the food web you created in your notebook.

9. A food chain represents only one possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem. Many other routs may exist. A Food Web is made up of many interconnected food chains and shows all the possible feeding relationships within a community,

10. Choose at least 10 of the food chain cards and arrange them to form a food web. Place the matter and energy flow arrows in the appropriate places within the food web. Draw the food web you created in your notebook.

11. Use the diagram on the right to answer the following questions: Who is the producer in this food web? Algae

12. How many different food chains involve Squid? 6

13. What are they? algae  small animals  squid  elephant seal  killer whale algae  squid  killer whale algae  squid  leopard seal  killer whale algae  small animals  squid  elephant seal  leopard seal  killer whale algae  small animals  squid  killer whale algae  small animals  squid  leopard seal  killer whale

14. Each organism in a food chain represents a feeding step, or Tropic Level, in the passage of energy and materials

16. Copy the ecological pyramid of energy you created into your biology notebook.

18. Ecologists often illustrate the flow of energy through ecosystems with an energy pyramid. Much of the energy obtained from food (90%) is used for metabolism or lost to the environment in the form of heat. Only Only about 10% of the energy at any tropic about 10% of the energy at any tropic level is transferred to the next tropic level is transferred to the next tropic level. level.

21. In the diagram above, which organisms are considered primary consumers

22. In the diagram above, which organisms are considered secondary consumers

23. Which organisms are considered both secondary and tertiary consumers?

24. Using what we know about energy, how much energy would be available to the leopard seal using this food chain if algae begins with 250,000 units? 250 250,000 25,000 2,500 250 What about the killer whale? 25 25

25. In your notebook answer the following questions... Explain the 10% rule of an ecosystem using the information from the ecological pyramid and the glossary. Which example, a food chain or a food web, represents a more realistic picture of the flow of matter and energy in an ecosystem? Support your answer.