1. H. Vatandoost Professor of Medical Entomology & Vector Control School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Management of Public Health Pesticides

3. Important diseases and pests MalariaLeishmaniasisTrypanosomiasisOnchocerciasis Dengue fever Yellow fever Arboviruses Nuisance Insects and pests Rodents

4. Why Pesticide Management Exposure to Human beings Exposure to Human beings Exposure to ecological areas Exposure to ecological areas Limited financial resources Limited financial resources Limited available number of pesticides Limited available number of pesticides Resistant of pests to pesticides Resistant of pests to pesticides Implementation of IVM Implementation of IVM

5. Elements of Management of Public Health Pesticides 1- Product registration 2- Procurement 3- Formulation & repackaging 4- Storage and transport 5- Distribution

6. 6- Application 7- Disposal 8- Monitoring and Surveillance 9- Surveillance of pesticide poisoning 10-Monitoring pesticide resistance

7. 11- Quality control 12- Capacity building 13- Public education 14- Information Exchange 15-Licensing

8. 1- Product registration Effective national registration policy Effective national registration policy Establishment of national pesticide registration system for: Establishment of national pesticide registration system for: Less hazardous and more effective public health pesticides Less hazardous and more effective public health pesticides Adoption of WHO specifications for pesticides Adoption of WHO specifications for pesticides

9. 2- Procurement Experienced and knowledgeable experts for decision Experienced and knowledgeable experts for decision Adaptable with local equipment Adaptable with local equipment Post sale activities of companies ( technical support, training, disposal) Post sale activities of companies ( technical support, training, disposal) Pesticide labeling in local language Pesticide labeling in local language Appropriate packaging ( efficacy, shelf-life, human and environmental safety) Appropriate packaging ( efficacy, shelf-life, human and environmental safety) Protective clothing Protective clothing Independent analyze of the product by the procurement agency Independent analyze of the product by the procurement agency

10. 3- Formulation and repackaging Formulation repackaging should be according to local needs. Formulation repackaging should be according to local needs. labeled properly labeled properly have standard quality. have standard quality. less hazard to users. less hazard to users. Should be registered, and certified Should be registered, and certified should be according to national pesticide regulations should be according to national pesticide regulations

11. 4- Storage and transport

12. The pesticide store should be located far from human dwellings

13. The pesticide store should be sited far from rivers and bodies of water, to prevent chemical contamination from entering and poisoning the water

14. The pesticide store should not be sited in an area subject to flooding, specially during seasonal rains

15. The pesticide store should have three sides free to allow access to fire-fighting equipment in an emergency

16. Diagram of a pesticide store showing building features, with storekeeper's office separate from the store

17. Store layout to show arrangement of facilities

18. Store dividing wall separating different types of pesticides and acting as an internal fire- break

19. Fire-break in a pesticide store

20. Marked and numbered rows of stacked metal containers of pesticides with pallets below

21. Outside storage (temporary) of pesticides with perimeter fence and arrangement of pallets similar to that inside

22. Aisle space to allow free air flow and access between rows of stacked pesticides

23. Stacks that are too high become unwieldy and containers lower down are crushed

24. Storekeeper checking dates from labels on containers in a pesticide store

25. Pesticide container corroded and leaking from a side seam

26. Pesticide store in flames - the light roof has collapsed thus preventing an explosion

27. Local transport of pesticide on a goods vehicle - other materials are partitioned off but food must not be carried

28. Storekeeper recording date of arrival and inspecting condition of new stocks of pesticides, clipboard in hand

29. Careful unloading of pesticides from a delivery vehicle to avoid leaks resulting from damage to containers; the storekeeper is examining the delivery note

30. Extinguishing a small fire in a pesticide store using shovelfuls of sand or earth from a container

31. 5- Distribution National guideline for distribution National guideline for distribution Distribution should be carried out by trained personnel Distribution should be carried out by trained personnel Proper packaging for safe handling Proper packaging for safe handling Prevention of unauthorized sale Prevention of unauthorized sale Distributor ensure that products are available on agreed date Distributor ensure that products are available on agreed date Distribution should reduce multiple handling Distribution should reduce multiple handling All distributors of pesticides should be licensed All distributors of pesticides should be licensed

32. 6- Application Application is depend on: target insect, habitats, seasonal variability and control strategy Application is depend on: target insect, habitats, seasonal variability and control strategy Professional expertise Professional expertise Trained leadership Trained leadership Correct application technology Correct application technology Safety during application Safety during application

33. Trained applicators Trained applicators Seasonal worker-applicators should be trained Seasonal worker-applicators should be trained Appropriate pesticide at proper time and space Appropriate pesticide at proper time and space Appropriate dosage Appropriate dosage Consider IVM strategy Consider IVM strategy Pesticide application equipment Pesticide application equipment

34. Pesticide application should be routinely evaluated for effectiveness Pesticide application should be routinely evaluated for effectiveness Training manual in local language for the staff Training manual in local language for the staff Refresher training for all staff Refresher training for all staff Protective clothing Protective clothing

35. Accurate record of usage Accurate record of usage Application should be down by authorized persons Application should be down by authorized persons Monitoring and supervision for application Monitoring and supervision for application Application equipment need routine maintenance and calibration Application equipment need routine maintenance and calibration Human and financial resources should be available Human and financial resources should be available Adequate amount of pesticides Adequate amount of pesticides Adequate number of equipment Adequate number of equipment

36. 7- Disposal

37. Spill, caused by a pesticide drum falling off a vehicle, being covered by soil - people are kept away from the spill

38. Spill soaked up by sand or sawdust being carefully swept up by the storekeeper and placed in a container to be collected and taken for central disposal by the national authority

39. Decontamination of a pesticide container - the inside and outside are being cleaned with detergent and water -highly contaminated rinsing should be saved for disposal with other major toxic waste

40. Disposal of lightly contaminated cardboard pesticide container on a fire, ensuring that fumes travel away from personnel

42. Metal container being crushed so that it cannot be reused it will be collected for central disposal by the national authority

43. Storekeeper inspecting a leak from a pesticide container

44. Scrubbing the back of a delivery truck using detergent and water to decontaminate it of pesticides

45. 8- Monitoring and Surveillance Development of guideline for monitoring and surveillance Development of guideline for monitoring and surveillance Post registration activities monitoring includes: Post registration activities monitoring includes: Efficacy, safety, environment effect of pesticides used

46. 9- Surveillance of pesticide poisoning Recording, collecting and analyzing the information on pesticide exposure and poisoning Recording, collecting and analyzing the information on pesticide exposure and poisoning This enable Ministry for capacity building for diagnosis, treatment, preventive measure and management of pesticides This enable Ministry for capacity building for diagnosis, treatment, preventive measure and management of pesticides

47. Storekeeper wearing mask, eye protection, gloves and apron over shirt and trousers to protect himself from splashes while transferring pesticide concentrate

48. Storekeeper decontaminating himself by washing thoroughly with soap and water -his protective clothing, washed separately, is hanging out to dry in full sunshine

49. 10-Monitoring pesticide resistance National guideline for use of pesticides in IVM frame National guideline for use of pesticides in IVM frame Information exchange between health and agriculture ministry Information exchange between health and agriculture ministry Monitoring of susceptibility tests according to WHO guideline Monitoring of susceptibility tests according to WHO guideline Use of WHO guideline of prevention and management of resistant Use of WHO guideline of prevention and management of resistant Judicious use of pesticides Judicious use of pesticides Publication of pesticide resistant status Publication of pesticide resistant status

50. Pesticide resistance - an overlapping issue

51. 11- Quality control Active ingredient Active ingredient Impurities of pesticides Impurities of pesticides Formulation Formulation Labeling of product Labeling of product Expiry date Expiry date WHO/FAO pesticide specification WHO/FAO pesticide specification Manufacturer's certificate of analyze of each batch Manufacturer's certificate of analyze of each batch Pre-shipment and on-arrival analyse of product Pre-shipment and on-arrival analyse of product

52. 12- Capacity building Adequate human resources Adequate human resources Strengthening of the central unit Strengthening of the central unit Use of skilled personnel Use of skilled personnel Training of technical staff Training of technical staff Certificate for operators Certificate for operators National entomology laboratory National entomology laboratory Laboratory for quality control of pesticide Laboratory for quality control of pesticide Protocol for data collection good storage and transport facilities Protocol for data collection good storage and transport facilities Specific financial resources Specific financial resources

53. 13- Public education Use of multi-media for public education Use of multi-media for public education Reasons for pesticide use Reasons for pesticide use Risk of poisoning Risk of poisoning Risk of not using pesticide Risk of not using pesticide Provision of information throughout the year Provision of information throughout the year Why using specific pesticide Why using specific pesticide Why choosing specific pest Why choosing specific pest Informing of authorities and high level decision makers Informing of authorities and high level decision makers Training Programmes in TV Training Programmes in TV

54. 14- Information Exchange Strengthening of national information system Strengthening of national information system Computerizing of data collection about pesticides among stakeholders Computerizing of data collection about pesticides among stakeholders Ministry of Health Ministry of Health Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture NGOs NGOs Industries Industries WHO/FAO WHO/FAO Information necessary for vector control and pesticide management Information necessary for vector control and pesticide management

55. 15-Licensing Licensing of pesticides by manufacturers, distributes, retailers and pest control operators Licensing of pesticides by manufacturers, distributes, retailers and pest control operators Licensing is the responsibility of Ministry of Health Licensing is the responsibility of Ministry of Health

56. Network for pesticide resistance management