1. Low Impact Development Pollutant Detections In Runoff From California Neighborhoods Loren Oki UC Davis, Plant Sciences Darren Haver UC Cooperative Extension, Orange County Low Impact Development Conference October 6, 2010

2. Project Background Evaluating Best Management Practices (BMP) effectiveness to reduce volumes and improve quality of runoff from urban environments Funding provided by: California State Water Resources Control Board CALFED Bay-Delta Program

3. Project Objectives Characterize runoff Single family residences Pesticides, nutrients, drinking water COCs, pathogen indicators Determine flow volumes Develop pollutant loading models Dry and wet season Measure outreach effects

4. Site Selection 8 sites 4 each in Sacramento (N. Cal) and Orange (S. Cal) Counties Criteria Single family homes 4-20 years old Lot size Demographics

5. Water Sample Collection Sampling Schedule Q1Q2Q3Q4 2006 Weekly* Weekly 2007 BiweeklyWeekly 2008 Biweekly Weekly 2009 MonthlyMonthly*None 2010 NoneMonthly Sampling by Master Gardeners in Sac Co Up to 5 early storms of each season

6. Continuous Data Collection –Flows (depth & velocity) –Temperature –pH –Electrical conductivity –Rainfall Automated Stormwater Sampling Remote Communication Photos: L.Oki Monitoring

7. Continuous Data Collection –Flows (depth & velocity) –Temperature –pH –Electrical conductivity –Rainfall Automated Stormwater Sampling Remote Communication Photos: L.Oki Monitoring

8. Water Sample Collection UC Cooperative Extension Master Gardeners Photos: L.Oki

9. Analyses of Water Samples UC Riverside Gan Lab Nutrients Nitrate, TKN, Phosphate, Total P Pesticides diazinon, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids (9), fipronil Drinking Water COCs TOC, DOC, Brˉ, Clˉ, TDS, TSS, turbidity Yates Lab Pathogen indicators E. coli Total coliforms Somatic coliphages Male-specific coliphages Enterococci Clostridium perfringens Pathogens Giardia Cryptosporidium

10. Pesticide Detection Frequency % Detection n=62 As reported Sep 18, 2008 Detection limit= 0.5 ng/L OPs Fipronil Pyrethroids Sacramento County

11. Pesticide Detection Frequency % Detection n=62 OPs Fipronil Pyrethroids Sacramento County % Detection n=56 Orange County n=52 n=49

12. Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal S2 n n =70 n s = 9 300

13. Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal S2 S1 S3S4 n n =60 n s = 9 n n =70 n s = 9 n n =69 n s = 9 n n =60 n s = 9 300 Graphics: E. Lee

14. Bifenthrin Concentration- N Cal F1 F2 N1 N2 n n = 84 n s = 11 n n = 80 n s = 11 150 Nat N4 n n = 77 n s = 11 150 n n = 70 n s = 7 N3 150

15. Intensive Dry Weather Sampling Dry weather grab sampling –N. California- Tuesdays, 11:00-2:00 –S. California- Wednesdays, 7:00-11:00 Hourly sampling for 7 days S. California Site –June 16– 23, 2008 N. California Site –July 23-30, 2008

16. Sample Collection & Analyses Time 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 3 sample composite TOC TSS Nitrate Orthophosphate pH EC Turbidity 12 sample composite Diazinon Chlorpyrifos Fipronil Bifenthrin Fenpropathrin L-Cyhalothrin cis-Permethrin trans-Permethrin Cyfluthrin Esfenvalerate Deltamethrin 1 grab sample every 24 hrs for biologicals

17. Sacramento County Location

18. Synthetic Pyrethroids Northern California Southern California Bifenthrin

19. Fipronil Southern California Northern California 2,884.5 ppt

20. Dry season runoff patterns Daily Periodicity Water Depth (cm) Time of Day Tue July 1 Wed July 2 Mon July 7 Sun July 6 Sat July 5 Fri July 4 Thu July 3 Graphics: L. Oki

21. Dry season runoff patterns Water Depth (cm) Time of Day Tue July 1 Wed July 2 Mon July 7 Sun July 6 Sat July 5 Fri July 4 Thu July 3 Daily Periodicity Graphics: L. Oki

22. 4 Test neighborhoods Current county land use Low & Very Low Density 50-year projected land use Wet & Dry seasons Pollutant Loading Model Multi-Scale Graphics: A. Manfree

23. Pollutant Load Modeling Low & Very Low Density Residential Zones Graphics: A. Manfree

24. Storm and Non-storm Runoff Low and Very Low Density Residential Land Use Sacramento County 38,680 acre-ft 181,911 acre-ft Graphics: A. Manfree

25. Thank you lroki@ucdavis.edu dlhaver@ucdavis.edu

26. Site Selection Storm drain maps Locate outfalls Delineate drainshed Identify lots Verify land use Visit outfalls Safe access

27. Orange County Location

28. Project outline Controlled experiments Residential landscape studies Load estimation Economic evaluation of BMP effectiveness Outreach of results − Local, statewide, regional Evaluating Outreach Methods UC Master Gardener Advanced Training

29. Evaluating Outreach Methods Community Activities

30. California Center for Urban Horticulture ccuh.ucdavis.edu