1. Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas chamacos.org 1998 - present Brenda Eskenazi, Ph.D December 16, 2005

2. Objectives To estimate sources, pathways and levels of in utero and postnatal pesticide exposures of children living in an agricultural community. To determine the relationship of pesticide exposure and: neurodevelopment growth respiratory disease To understand the mechanisms of pesticides in humansTo understand the mechanisms of pesticides in humans To reduce exposure of children to pesticides with interventions and community outreach.

3. CHAMACOS Study Area U.C. Berkeley Salinas Castroville Soledad Greenfield King City

5. Organophosphate Pesticide Use in the Salinas Valley OP PesticideLbs Applied in 2001 Diazinon133,537 Malathion* 96,520 Acephate 71,725 Oxydemeton-methyl 57,859 Chlorpyrifos* 54,945 Dimethoate 34,224 Bensulide 32,669 Naled 17,045 Methidathion 14,220 Disulfoton 10,216 Total OP Pesticide Use: 530,000 Pounds *Potential endocrine disrupter

6. 601 pregnant women who were living in Salinas Valley: Less than 20 weeks gestation Medi-Cal eligible 18 years or older Receiving prenatal care at Clinica de Salud and Natividad Planning to deliver at Natividad Medical Center Our Study Population

7. CHAMACOS is a longitudinal birth cohort study 13 Wks 26 Wks Delivery6M12M24M42M60M84M Maternal Questionnaire Paternal Questionnaire Neurodevelopmental Assessment Home inspection Respiratory Function Tests School Performance

8. CHAMACOS Specimen Collection 13 Wks 26 Wks Delivery6M12M24M42M60M84M Maternal Urine Paternal Urine Maternal Blood Cord Blood Breast Milk Child Urine Child Blood Child Saliva

9. Characteristics of CHAMACOS Mothers (N=601) 92% Spanish-speaking 85% born in Mexico; 54% < 5 years in U.S. 96% living within 200% of poverty 44% 6 th grade education or less 44% worked in agriculture during pregnancy 84% other agricultural workers in home

10. Maternal Urinary Dialkyl Phosphate (OP) Metabolite Levels (nmol/L) Maternal Enrollment 584112 Maternal 26-Weeks 497113 Maternal Postpartum 492228 NHANES (women 18-40) 271 82 Geo. Mean N Total Dialkyl Metabolites Bradman et al., 2005 DAPS for pregnant women significantly higher than the reference NHANES

11. Length of Gestation is Shorter in Women with Higher Organophosphate Pesticide Exposures Week of pregnancy at dimethyl phosphate measurement Change in duration of gestation (weeks) Eskenazi et al., 2004

12. Newborns of Mothers with Higher Organophosphate Pesticide Exposures have More Abnormal Reflexes   trend = 6.7 P-value = 0.01 (Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale) 8% 14% 16% 14% 33% Young et al., 2005