1. Buruli Ulcer Stephen Shenigo

2. What do you know? http://brendanomeara.com/?attachment_id=293

3. Buruli Ulcer was first Identified in 1897 by Sir Albert Cook http://images.wellcome.ac.uk/indexplus/result.html?_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXACTION_=query&_I XFIRST_=7&_IXemailreal=true&_IXbox=28636&_IXSPFX_=templates%2Ft&_IXFPFX_=template s%2Ft http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/country/uganda.html

4. It was described in detail in 1948 by Peter MacCallum http://www.huu.unimelb.edu.au/university-history/150stories/maccallum.html http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/pacific/australia/

5. Mycobacterium ulcerans was identified in 1948 by Peter MacCallum http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/55/1/37.full http://www.huu.unimelb.edu.au/university-history/150stories/maccallum.html

6. Today the disease has been identified in 33 countries http://www.bvgh.org/Biopharmaceutical-Solutions/Global-Health-Primer/Diseases/cid/ViewDetails/ItemID/25.aspx

7. About half of the worldwide cases are in people under 15 <15 years Mean Med. Range Africa 48% 24 15 0.5–90 Australia 10% 50 62 1–96 Japan 19% 41 48 2–81 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs199/en/

8. The disease starts as painless swelling on a particular area of the skin http://www.tropika.net/svc/news/20090415/Chinnock-20090415-News-Buruli-Conference

9. If left untreated this can turn into a full skin ulcer within 4 weeks http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buruli_ulcer_hand_Nigeria.gif http://www.aifo.it/english/resources/online/courses/buruli/buruli12.htm

10. The disease itself does not necessarily kill people itself, but it does cause deformities http://factsanddetails.com/world.php?itemid=2153&catid=57&subcatid=381 http://www.leprosy.org/labi1

11. The way the disease is transmitted is still up for debate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs199/en/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ringtail_possum

12. How does the disease work? http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/55/1/37.full http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mycolactone_2.png

13. Mycobacterium ulcerans emits mycolactone which destroys body tissues http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/55/1/37.full http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mycolactone_2.png

14. Buruli Ulcer is diagnosed using IS2404 PCR http://www.casestudiesforglobalhealth.org/post.cfm/vaccine-development-collaborations- strengthen-pandemic-safety-scientific-possibilities http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

15. Treatment of Buruli Ulcer can be approached two different ways, using antibiotics or surgery http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Healed_Buruli_ulcer_lesions.jpg http://education.technyou.edu.au/view/242/antibiotics

16. There is not yet a specific vaccine for Buruli Ulcer http://www.tbonline.info/galleries/image/2/ http://theintelhub.com/2011/04/23/top-government-vaccine-researcher-indicted-for-fraud- austism-research-now-in-question/

17. HIV coinfection and paradoxical reaction can further complicate the disease. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652003000300012 http://biology.kenyon.edu/slonc/gene-web/Lentiviral/Lentivi2.html

18. The WHO along with several local organizations are coming together to start to try to fight this disease http://www.ghanacurrentjobs.com/job-vacancy-for-consultants-at-ghana-health-service http://www.truthalliance.net/Archive/ImageGallery/tabid/62/AlbumID/379-36/Default.aspx http://www.who.int/buruli/events/en/

19. Works Cited "Buruli Ulcer." World Health Organization. WHO, n.d. Web. 19 Nov 2012.. Hoover, Aaron Z.. "Buruli Ulcer." Medscape Reference. Medscape, 07 2012. Web. 19 Nov 2012. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1104891-overview Amofah, George, and Frank Bonsu. "Buruli Ulcer in Ghana." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d. Web. 19 Nov 2012. <http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article "Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870-1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine)." Mundus. Mundus, 30 1998. Web. 19 Nov 2012.. Fraga, Alexandra G., and Teresa G. Martins. "PLOS One." PLOS One. (2012): n. page. Web. 20 Nov. 2012.. Guest, J.S.. "MacCallum, Sir Peter." Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Web. 19 Nov 2012.. "First WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases." World Health Organization. WHO, 12 2012. Web. 19 Nov 2012.. Boulkroun, Sheerazed, and Laure Guenin-Mace. "The Journal of Immunology." Journal of Immunology. (2010): 1436-1444. Web. 20 Nov. 2012..