1. U.S. Environmental History ConservationVs.Preservation

2. Frontier Attitude Lewis & Clark expedition major influence for “conquer and exploit” attitude of new country Lewis & Clark expedition major influence for “conquer and exploit” attitude of new country Economic theory not consider conservation or cleanup costs b/c not a large population to cause enormous costs Economic theory not consider conservation or cleanup costs b/c not a large population to cause enormous costs

3. John James Audubon (1785-1851) (1785-1851) French sea captain son French sea captain son Sent to Philadelphia to escape service in Napoleon’s army Sent to Philadelphia to escape service in Napoleon’s army Dry-goods merchant Dry-goods merchant Art/birds hobby Art/birds hobby Romantic era publishing success Romantic era publishing success

4. Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) (1817-1862) Harvard educated Harvard educated Teacher Teacher Naturalist Naturalist Composed Walden Pond based on naturalist living Composed Walden Pond based on naturalist living Surveyed/made pencils Surveyed/made pencils abolitionist abolitionist

5. Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) (1834-1919) Physician/professor Physician/professor Contemporary of Darwin; studied embryology, evolution, populations Contemporary of Darwin; studied embryology, evolution, populations Nazi’s distorted his views Nazi’s distorted his views

6. John Muir (1838-1914) (1838-1914) Naturalist, writer Naturalist, writer Yosemite/Sequoia Natl. Parks Yosemite/Sequoia Natl. Parks Founded Sierra Club, natl. conservation organization Founded Sierra Club, natl. conservation organization

7. Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) (1858-1919) Preservationist/ conservationist Preservationist/ conservationist Established USFS Established USFS Increased national forests 400%, 21 new w/ 16 million acres Increased national forests 400%, 21 new w/ 16 million acres Antiquities Act to save Grand Canyon Antiquities Act to save Grand Canyon

8. Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946) (1865-1946) 1st. Head of USFS 1st. Head of USFS Managed forests scientifically Managed forests scientifically Sustainable growth Sustainable growth Today, multiple use managed Today, multiple use managed

9. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) (1882-1945) President during Great Depression Era President during Great Depression Era Fed. Govt. Conservation Projects Fed. Govt. Conservation Projects Established Civilian Conservation Corps Established Civilian Conservation Corps Established Soil Conservation Service Established Soil Conservation Service

10. Dust Bowl Storm

11. Rachel Carson (1907-1964) (1907-1964) Naturalist/scientist Naturalist/scientist 1st woman Editor-in- chief of US Fish & Wildlife Publications 1st woman Editor-in- chief of US Fish & Wildlife Publications Studied interrelationships; ecology Studied interrelationships; ecology Warned of harmful pesticide effects Warned of harmful pesticide effects

12. Ruth Patrick (1910s?-) (1910s?-) Studies diatoms; unicellular algae Studies diatoms; unicellular algae Understood link between water quality and diatom presence Understood link between water quality and diatom presence Developed ways to assess water quality worldwide Developed ways to assess water quality worldwide Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

13. Variety of Diatoms

14. Resources Raven & Berg. 2004. Environment 4th. Raven & Berg. 2004. Environment 4th. http://www.ecotopia.org/ehof http://www.ecotopia.org/ehof http://www.ecotopia.org/ehof http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hae ckel.html http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hae ckel.html http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hae ckel.html http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hae ckel.html http://www.acnatsci.org/learn/whoswho/patric k.html http://www.acnatsci.org/learn/whoswho/patric k.html http://www.acnatsci.org/learn/whoswho/patric k.html http://www.acnatsci.org/learn/whoswho/patric k.html http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/fdrbio.html http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/fdrbio.html http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/fdrbio.html

15. The End