2.  For hundreds of years people have been trying to classify the species on our planet Earth  There are potentially hundreds of thousands new species still waiting to be discovered  With the discovery of new species classification of organisms is constantly being modified  The goal is to track evolution and determine which organisms share common ancestors

3.  A simple system of naming organisms allows anyone in the world to discuss the same creature regardless of its common name  For example....

4.  But, Carolus Linnaeus calls him.... Melanoplus femurrubrum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Carl_von_Linné.jpg

5.  Linnaeus classified organisms according to their structural similarities: this is called TAXONOMY  Each group to which Linnaeus assigned organisms is called a TAXA (singular is TAXON)  Modern taxonomy groups based on their evolutionary relatedness: this is called PHYLOGENY  Organisms share common ancestry if they show similar stages of embryological development and anatomical structures.

6.  The 18 th century Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus simplified the system of naming and classifying organisms  The system, known as binomial nomenclature is still in use today!  What are the two parts?! Let’s find out...... http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Carl_von_Linné.jpg

9. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Homonidae Homo sapiens

10.  Note that the first name describes its similarity to other organisms while the second describes its uniqueness

11.  The taxon “species” is the smallest group and it contains only a single type of organism.  The organisms in a species are most like one another—except for sexual or growth stage differences, the individuals of a species have the same body or physiological morphology.

12.  Organisms in the same species can interbreed to produce viable offspring.

13.  These cannot....

14.  Similar species are grouped in the same genus  Example: the bobcat and the housecat are in the genus Felis

15.  Genera are grouped to form families. This group’s family is Felidae

16.  Families are grouped into Orders. These organisms are in the order Carnivora

17.  Orders are then placed in Classes. These organisms are in the class Mammalia

18.  Classes are grouped into Phyla. These organisms are in the phyla Chordata in the Kingdom Animalia

19.  Archaebacteria  Eubacteria  Protista  Fungi  Plantae  Animalia

20. Classifying Kingdoms Nutrition Heterotrophic -consumes living or dead organisms to obtain energy Autotrophic -uses sun’s energy -makes own food # of cells Unicellular -one cell Multicellular -more than one cell Reproduction Asexual -offspring produced from a single parent (genetically identical to parent Sexual -production of offspring from fusion of 2 sex cells (offspring differ from parents)

21. Classifying Kingdoms Habitat -where does the organism live? Cell Type ProkaryoticEukaryotic -circular chromosome -no membrane bound organelles (e.g. no true nucleus) -very small (less than 2 um) -reproduce by binary fission -double stranded chromosomes in nucleus -membrane bound organelles -larger (10-100 um) -reproduce by mitosis or meiosis