2. THE CITY-STATE: SPARTA Matthew Lewis ED 639 October 22, 2002

3. Unit: Chapter 10 The City-State  Grade Level: 7  Lesson: The Polis and Sparta

4. Lesson Objectives  Identify Sparta, Athens, Peloponnesus, Assembly, Council of Elders  Define Polis, Acropolis, Agora, Aristocrats, Helots, Perioeci  What rights and duties did Greek citizens have?  How was the lifestyle of Spartan women different from that of other Greek women?

5. Lesson Objectives Cont…  How was Sparta different from other Greek city-states?  Which of the requirements for citizenship in early Greece do you think were fair and which were not? Explain.  What parts of Spartan life would you have enjoyed and what would you have wanted to change? Explain.

6. Materials  Computer with projector  Textbook  Paper and writing utensil

7. Websites  http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GREECE/ SPARTA.HTM http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GREECE/ SPARTA.HTM  Spartan Women Spartan Women  Vocabulary Vocabulary  Ancient Map of Greece Ancient Map of Greece  Citizens of Sparta Citizens of Sparta

8. Student Activities  Students will do map activity on page 165 for homework.

9. PRESENTATION

10. The Polis  A city-state, that was the geographic & political center of life  Acropolis: fortified hill in center of Polis  Agora: at foot of hill, used for marketplace  By 700 B.C. city-state formed

11. The Polis cont…  Each city-state had its own gov’t and laws.  The average size was from 5,000-10,000 citizens  Only citizens could vote, own property, hold public office, and speak for themselves in court.  In return they were expected to participate in the gov’t and defend the polis in time of war.  Workers born outside of Greece, women, children, and slaves were not citizens.

12. The Polis cont…  For Greek citizens civic and personal honor were one and the same.  The polis gave them a sense of belonging.  The good of the polis was put above everything else.  Two of the greatest city-states were Sparta and Athens.  Each developed with a different kind of government and a different way of life.

13. Sparta  Sparta was located in south-central Greece, know as Peloponnesus.  By 500 B.C. was the greatest military power in Greece  About 800 B.C. aristocrats took control of Sparta.  Ruled by two kings, they only led the army and conducted religious services

14. Sparta cont…  Only aristocrats could be citizens.  All citizens over 20 yrs. old were members of the Assembly.  Five ephors (managers) were chosen each year.  Council of Elders helped the ephors, they were men over 60 yrs. old and chosen for life. They also helped the Assembly and served as high court.

15. Sparta cont…  The land was farmed by helots, or enslaved people owned by the city-state.  Half of their crops were turned over to the aristocrats who lived in the center of the polis.  Business and trade was left to the perioeci, or merchants and artisans who lived in the villages. They were neither slaves or citizens.  The aristocrats trained for the army and war.  By 750 B.C. there 20 times more helots and perioeci than aristocrats.  The aristocrats chose to use force to keep down the helots and perioeci.

16. Spartan Way of Life  The Spartans wanted to be the strongest in Greece.  Newborn babies were examined to make sure they were healthy. If they were the were allowed to live. If not they were left on a hillside to die.  At age seven Spartan boys were sent to live in military camps.  They learned to read, write, and use weapons.  They received only small amounts of food, were forced to go barefoot, and were given only one cloak to wear.

17. Way of Life cont…  They were forced to walk in silence with eyes on the ground, they only spoke when necessary.  They slept outdoors without cover.  Every ten days they were lined up to make sure they were not getting fat.  At age 20 they were expected to marry, but could not have a household of their own.  They could retire from the army at age 60.

18. Way of Life cont…  Spartan women had more freedoms than women in other city-states.  In other city-states for women most of their time was spent at home doing household duties.They did not go without a chaperone and then only to visit other women or religious services.They never spoke to men on the street or entertained their husband’s friends.

19. Way of Life cont…  Spartan women though mixed freely with men.  They enjoyed sports such as wrestling and racing.  They told the men going off to war, come home with your shield or on them.

20. Way of Life cont…  Spartans believed new ideas would weaken their way of life, so they tried to prevent change.  When other city-states began to use coins they still used iron rods.  Other city-states developed literature and art.  They also built up business, trade, and improved their way of life.  Sparta remained a poor farming society dependent on slaves.  Their only goal from the beginning until its defeat in 371 B.C. was to be militarily strong.

21. Lesson Objectives  Identify Sparta, Athens, Peloponnesus, Assembly, Council of Elders  Define Polis, Acropolis, Agora, Aristocrats, Helots, Perioeci  What rights and duties did Greek citizens have?  How was the lifestyle of Spartan women different from that of other Greek women?

22. Lesson Objectives Cont…  How was Sparta different from other Greek city-states?  Which of the requirements for citizenship in early Greece do you think were fair and which were not? Explain.  What parts of Spartan life would you have enjoyed and what would you have wanted to change? Explain.

23. The End of Lesson: The Polis and Sparta