1. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Permanent GNSS-Network Albania Proposal of a Realization Guenter Stangl Tirana, July 5 th, 2007

2. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Status of the Reference System and International Connections Horizontal System Ellipsoid Krassovsky (Pulkovo 1942) Projection Gauss-Krueger 6° system (M21) for Cadastre and Triangulation Fundamental point Kamza/Tirana Triangulation network partially damaged Network not precisely oriented Most of triangulation points not connected to the levelling system Height system Levelling Network (Adriatic Sea, Trieste?) Normal Heights (gravity values from the ellipsoid) No gravity measurements Levelling network severely damaged Geoid? Connections to neighbouring countries? Relation to Geocentric Systems Transformation to WGS-84 (Shift only), accuracy about 3 m (7 identical points), EPSG and CRS DMA measurements (35 stations) 1994, absolute positioning accuracy 1 m, residual errors about 0.4 m horizontal and 1.4 m vertical after transformation (Kuka/Kuka/Nurce 1997/8) EUREF campaign 1998 (9 stations) unpublished? (Altiner et al. 1999) Connection to the European Vertical Reference System Not part of the UELN (Unified European Levelling Network) Connections to Montenegro/Croatia and/or Greece may be possible Change of the vertical datum 0.2 – 0.3 m

3. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Advantages of a New 3D-Reference System Realized by GNSS Consistency in three dimensions Geodetic measurements over larger distances with cm-accuracy possible Quick determination of coordinates with cm-accuracy No need of line-of-sight geodetic measurements Compatibility with international systems

4. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Realization of a System of Permanent GNSS- Stations Proposal Kuqi, Zani, Jedrejcic 1998/2006 – 16 stations = 1/1800 km 2, average distance 45 km

5. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Proposed Permanent GNSS-Stations Existing stations of the Seismological Institute (6) plus part of proposal of Kuqi et al. (10) Foreign stations may be connected later Seismological Institute To be constructed Foreign stations

6. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Data Flow of Permanent GNSS-Stations Download data in real time to centre Compute network solution Disseminate solution to mobile users on demand Store data in RINEX format at server GNSS Stations Internet or other Centre Mobile users Data storage Dissemination by mobile phone

7. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Manual tasks at the Centre Station monitoring (availability, quality) Monitoring the correctness of the network solution Control of the data storage Help desk for users Repair and upgrade of IT equipment Contribution to eliminate problems of remote stations If real dissemination is wanted, control of the telecommunications for dissemination, book-keeping of users Staff of about 5 persons required

8. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Components of a permanent GNSS Station Antenna Sites Situated on roofs or pillars, cable leads to a shelter of the receiver In any case, constructions are needed WELS (Austria) Albania © Bushati Ohrid (FYROM)

9. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Components of a permanent GNSS Station Receiver Sites Room with rack, power and telecommunication connections Rack with receiver, Uninterruptible Power Interface, Communication equipment Monitor, PC for local storage optional Ljubljana (Slovenia) Sofia (Bulgaria) Ohrid (FYROM)

10. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Steps to a permanent GNSS-Network in Albania Site Selection Common solution (number of stations, geographical distribution) of several institutions and firms preferred, aspects of cadastral surveying, zones of economic interest and scientific research should be considered Formation of a reconnaissance group for the selection of sites Field work site selection (probably with check list) and documentation of potential sites GNSS test measurements (24 h) at selected sites, look for disturbances (site measurement quality) Joint proposal, including a list of preferred sites with documentation and a cost estimation of required constructions (including telecommunication)

11. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Steps to a permanent GNSS-Network in Albania Installation Concept Concept, how the network will be installed with the financial assistance of the EU Mainly the following questions should be solved: - Is a real time dissemination of corrections intended from the start? - Have users to pay for the service? - Who will own the equipment of the stations and the centre? - Who will run and serve the stations and the centre? - Who will cover the costs of maintenance, including rents, communication/power lines, repair of the equipment, salaries of the staff, other costs? (There is an opportunity, that EU may cover the costs of maintenance for one year, including training) Consortium of national institutions (MGI, University, ISPRO, other ministries) preferred, private firms welcome Responsibilities should be laid down in contracts (first step memorandum of understanding)

12. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Milestones of a permanent GNSS-Network in Albania Milestones Joint agreement on a GNSS-network Proposal of the network and maintenance design to EU Call for tenders published Best offer selected Network installed Test phase ended successfully Deliverables Memorandum of Understanding of institutions and firms for cooperation, formation of a site selection group Joint Proposal, site selection documents, cost estimation, maintenance concept, memorandum of understanding about ownership and maintenance Call for tenders, developed by consortium and EU, including construction works, establishing the centre, equipment and training during a test phase Recommendation on offers by consortium and EU, order by consortium or responsible authorities Sites constructed and equipped, centre ready for running Staff trained and on work, tests by selected users positively finished

13. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Cost estimations of the permanent GNSS-Network Construction costs 10 new stations 6 M Lekë (50 000.- €) Improvement costs of construction for 6 existing stations 1.4 M Lekë (12 000.- €) Installation costs for the centre, hardware and software, no real time dissemination 24 M Lekë (200 000.- €) Additional costs for real time dissemination, hardware and software, if wanted 12 M Lekë (100 000.- €) Equipment costs 10 new stations 42 M Lekë (350 000.- €) Upgrade/Exchange costs for 6 existing stations, if needed/wanted 22 M Lekë (180 000.- €) Maintenance costs, rents, power, communication, staff, repair 6 M Lekë (50 000.- €) / year Total installation costs 72 M to 108 M Lekë (600 000.- to 900 000.- €)

14. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Consequences from the Introduction of a GNSS-based System Transformation parameters between old and new geodetic system must exist Measurements with GNSS must be accepted by national authorities GNSS equipment plus software must be available if real-time dissemination is planned Old transformed coordinates of triangulation points must be improved by measurements A database for all control and detail points with coordinates in the new system is advisable The finances of the system must be secured either by contracts (public – private), by intergovernmental agreements (public – public) or by law (autonomous office with own budget)

15. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Conclusions A basic GNSS-network and experience how to handle it already exists Stations for the whole area would improve the geodetic reference system and geodetic detail measurements The installation and maintenance require a concentrated effort of the Albanian institutions EU can help with financial and consulting support The GNSS-network should be seen as an integrated part of a new geodetic system

16. Permanent GNSS-Network Albania EURALIUS GPS-Network Tirana July 2007 Shumë falemnderit! Thank you!