1. THE SMALL ISOCHRONOUS RING PROJECT AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY J. Alberto Rodriguez

2. Introduction Injection and Extraction Lines of SIR Simulations & Experimental Results Conclusions OUTLINE:

3. INTRODUCTION Several authors have proposed using high power cyclotrons for different applications. The space charge forces at these current levels (~ 10 mA) become very important and must be considered when such a machine is designed. Some understanding about space charge effects in the isochronous regime exists, although this knowledge is not yet complete.

4. Turn separation R R INJ R EXT Extraction Deflector Effects of the longitudinal space charge electric field: Energy spread within the bunch. Increase effective radial size. Destroys turn separation. Losses in extraction deflector. v

5. Preliminary simulations showed a break up of the bunch. y (cm) x (cm)

6. Space charge forces scale with: PSI Injector II (first turn) SIRPSI Main Cyclotron (first turn) SIR IonH+H+ H2+H2+ H+H+ H2+H2+ E870 keV20 keV72 MeV20 keV I PEAK 34 mA13 μA290 mA9 μA Same k

7. Advantages of SIR: Time resolution of the diagnostics is much less demanding. Beam power is much lower. Availability is not an issue. Larger space charge forces than in PSI Injector II. Possibility of studying turn by turn evolution.

8. Ion Source Einzel Lens Mass Separator Emittance Measurement System Quadrupole Triplet Chopper Inflector Plates Faraday Cup Fast Faraday Cup Deflector Plates Injection Diagnostics

9. Ion Source Einzel Lens

10. Quadrupole Triplet Chopper Inflector Plates Faraday Cup

11. Fast Faraday Cup Deflector Plates

12. Methodology used in the analysis Scaling with bunch length, peak current and energy Impact of the beam emittance Energy spread within a bunch Repeatability of experimental measurements Experiments vs. Simulations SIMULATIONS & EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

13. Methodology used in the analysis

14. Scaling with bunch peak current

15. Impact of the beam emittance

16. Energy spread within a bunch

17. Repeatability of experimental measurements T o = 0 T o = 1 ms T o = 2 ms

18. I = 5 μA I = 9.9 μA I = 19.9 μA Scaling with bunch peak current

19. Experiments vs. Simulations Simulations Experiments

20. The Small Isochronous Ring (SIR) has been completed. The control and data acquisition system of SIR has been finalized. Extensive simulations have been performed to characterize the impact of bunch length, current, energy and emittance on the bunch dynamics. The scaling laws of space charge effects with energy and current have been validated numerically and experimentally. Good agreement between experiments and simulations performed with CYCO has been shown. CONCLUSIONS