1. 03/24/03 www.GIS.state.ar.us Learon Dalby GIS, Program Manager

2. 03/24/03

3. Technologies Meeting at the Cross Roads Presented by: Learon Dalby GIS Program Manager, Arkansas Geographic Information Office GIS GPS E-911 Wireless

4. 03/24/03 20 th Century Technology With the inventions of the 20 th century, we move faster!

5. 03/24/03 E-911- History The E-911 concept was first implemented in Great Britain in 1937 (999) American Congress began investigating the E-911 concept in 1958 The first 911 call placed in the US was implemented in 1968. This “form” of E-911 was not as we know it today. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl911.htm

6. 03/24/03 Typical E-911 Today Caller Dials 911 911 Dispatcher answers Caller’s phone # is compared to master address file Phone # and address are compared and the appropriate responders are contacted All of this happens in a matter of seconds

7. 03/24/03 Typical E-911 Diagram 501-682-2929 Phone # AddressCity 501-682-2929 124 West Capitol Little Rock 124 West Capitol Responder Zone 1

8. 03/24/03 Problem with Typical E-911 The traditional E-911 systems have become obsolete. It is estimated that 50 to 70 percent of emergency calls in Arkansas originate from a wireless/cellular device. Traditional E-911 systems assume the caller is calling from a land line and require that information to acquire a physical address.

9. 03/24/03 Global Positioning Systems History Development began during Vietnam war, but was limited to local areas. The US Department of Defense began work on the current GPS “network” in 1973 and launched the first satellite in 1978. Civilian use was subscriber based. The full 24 satellite constellation became operational for civilian use on April 27, 1997.

10. 03/24/03 Global Positioning Systems GPS GPS is composed of 24 satellites circling the earth and a hand-held receiver that can orientate itself through trilateration techniques. Distance D = Speed of Light x Time

11. 03/24/03 Geographic Information Systems History Anywhere from 35,000 to 40 years ago Complex GIS has come about in the last 50 years Affordable GIS has become available in the last 10 years.

12. 03/24/03 Geographic Information Systems GIS GIS is composed of hardware, software, spatial data and people. GIS enables decision makers to analyze complex databases visually. The spatial data maybe compiled in a number of methods including: GPS GPS

13. 03/24/03 Geographic Information Systems GIS Table contains 612,822 records

14. 03/24/03 Geographic Information Systems GIS GIS answers questions through visualization. Question: What roads do not have a name or address range? Answer: 148,385 Show me where those instances occur!

15. 03/24/03 Geographic Information Systems GIS Roads in red do not have a name and/or address range

16. 03/24/03 Geographic Information Systems GIS Visualizing where the roads are that do not have a name or address range enables one to investigate in specific locations, rather than assuming or guessing where those instances occur. Note: This illustration was used in the Arkansas Centerline File Program research.

17. 03/24/03 Bringing it All Together

18. 03/24/03 Problem with Typical E-911 The traditional E-911 systems have become obsolete. It is estimated that 50 to 70 percent of emergency calls, in Arkansas originate from a wireless/cellular device. Traditional E-911 systems assume the caller is calling from a land line and require that information to acquire a physical address.

19. 03/24/03 Typical E-911 Today Caller Dials 911 911 Dispatcher answers Caller’s phone # is compared to master address file Phone # and address are compared and the appropriate responders are contacted All of this happens In a matter of seconds

20. 03/24/03 FCC 94-102 “Enhanced E-911” Phase 1 & Phase 2 Phase 1: Translate the number of the wireless 911 call and the location of the cell site receiving the call to the E- 911 dispatcher. This could be used for “call-back” situations, when the cell call is dropped. Phase 2: Provide E-911 dispatchers with the coordinates from which the wireless E-911 call was placed. This information can be acquired through three methods. A “Cell Tower” triangulation GPS within the handset A combination of A & B

21. 03/24/03 Enhanced E-911 Phone # and lat/long are compared and the appropriate responders are contacted 911 Dispatcher answers Caller Dials 911 911 Dispatcher answers Caller’s phone # is compared to master address file Latitude / Longitude is placed on a map in front of the dispatcher Caller’s phone # is translated & a lat / long is provided to the dispatcher Caller’s phone # is translated to the dispatcher Wireless Caller Dials 911

22. 03/24/03 Enhanced E-911 with a GIS Phone # and lat/long are compared and the appropriate responders are contacted Wireless Caller Dials 911 911 Dispatcher answers Caller’s phone # is translated to the dispatcher Caller’s phone # is translated & a lat / long is provided to the dispatcher Latitude / Longitude is placed on a map in front of the dispatcher

23. 03/24/03 Enhanced E-911 with a GIS

24. 03/24/03 Enhanced E-911 Additional Information Because the deployment of final E-911 solutions requires the development of new technologies as well as coordination among public safety agencies, wireless carriers, technology vendors, equipment manufacturers, and local exchange carriers, the FCC established a four- year rollout schedule of its Phase II requirements. The rollout of Phase II began October 1, 2001 and is to be completed by December 31, 2005. Source: Federal Communication Commission

25. 03/24/03 Where is Arkansas?

26. 03/24/03 Enhanced E-911 Additional Information Arkansas Counties are at various stages of E-911 implementation. Four counties have no E-911 system at all. Several counties have the capability to implement phase 1. No Counties have the capability to fully implement phase 2. Several counties are investing in GIS / GPS systems for E-911 and other related purposes.

27. 03/24/03 Arkansas State Land Information Board

28. 03/24/03 Contact Information Learon Dalby- GIS Program Manager Arkansas Geographic Information Office Learon.dalby@mail.state.ar.us 501-682-2929 Resource Information www.gis.state.ar.us Arkansas GIS Users Forum http://argis.ualr.edu/forum