1. 19 th Century Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp

2. Topics Overview Overview 19 th Century Neo-Classicism 19 th Century Neo-Classicism 19 th Century Gothic Revival 19 th Century Gothic Revival 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-Arts (School of Art) 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux-Arts (School of Art)

3. 19 th Century Architecture 19 th century architecture is one of the most varied periods 19 th century architecture is one of the most varied periods Neo-Classicism and Romanticism encouraged revivals of many historic styles Neo-Classicism and Romanticism encouraged revivals of many historic styles Gothic Gothic Greek Greek Islamic Islamic Byzantine Byzantine Early Christian Early Christian

4. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism Karl Friedman Schinkel (1781 – 1841) Karl Friedman Schinkel (1781 – 1841) The most recognized figure in German Neo- Classical style in the 19 th century The most recognized figure in German Neo- Classical style in the 19 th century Most famous structure is the Altes Museum in Berlin Most famous structure is the Altes Museum in Berlin

5. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism Altes Museum Altes Museum Built in 1823 – 1828 Built in 1823 – 1828 Features Features Long, rectangular plan Long, rectangular plan Central, colonnaded rotunda domed like the Pantheon Central, colonnaded rotunda domed like the Pantheon A continuous, Ionic colonnade along the façade A continuous, Ionic colonnade along the façade

6. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

7. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

8. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

9. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism Sir John Soane (1753 – 1837) Sir John Soane (1753 – 1837) Leading architect of the 19 th century Neo-Classical movement in England Leading architect of the 19 th century Neo-Classical movement in England Considered a highly individual architect whose work features Romantic qualities Considered a highly individual architect whose work features Romantic qualities Notable structure Notable structure 13 Lincoln Inn Fields 13 Lincoln Inn Fields

10. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism 13 Lincoln Inn Fields 13 Lincoln Inn Fields John Soane’s home John Soane’s home Is now a museum Is now a museum Features Features Diverse array of spaces and levels Diverse array of spaces and levels Articulated wall planes Articulated wall planes Reflected by multiple flat and convex mirrors Reflected by multiple flat and convex mirrors

11. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

12. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

13. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism Benjamin Harry Latrobe Benjamin Harry Latrobe The United States first professional architect The United States first professional architect Commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to continue work on the U.S. Capitol Commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to continue work on the U.S. Capitol Key structures Key structures U.S. Capitol U.S. Capitol Roman Catholic Cathedral, Baltimore, MD Roman Catholic Cathedral, Baltimore, MD

14. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism U.S. Capitol U.S. Capitol Latrobe completed the north and south wings Latrobe completed the north and south wings Introduced his own work for the American style Introduced his own work for the American style Tobacco-leaf capitols in the rotunda of the Senate Chamber Tobacco-leaf capitols in the rotunda of the Senate Chamber Corn-cob capitols in the north basement vestibule Corn-cob capitols in the north basement vestibule

15. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

16. 19 th Century Neo-Classicism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

17. 19 th Century Gothic Revival The Romantic Movement acquired a more serious tone with emergence of the Gothic Revival in the 19 th century The Romantic Movement acquired a more serious tone with emergence of the Gothic Revival in the 19 th century Led by the English architect Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin Led by the English architect Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin

18. 19 th Century Gothic Revival Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812 – 1852) Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812 – 1852) Leading Gothic revivalist in England Leading Gothic revivalist in England Was a convert to Catholicism Was a convert to Catholicism Regarded Gothic as an embodiment of moral and religious values from the past Regarded Gothic as an embodiment of moral and religious values from the past Felt these traits were missing in the present Felt these traits were missing in the present

19. 19 th Century Gothic Revival Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812 – 1852) Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812 – 1852) The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture Published in 1841 Published in 1841 Enumerated Pugin’s ideals for Gothic architecture Enumerated Pugin’s ideals for Gothic architecture Regarded Gothic as the “only correct expression of the (Christian) faith, wants, and climate” Regarded Gothic as the “only correct expression of the (Christian) faith, wants, and climate”

20. 19th Century Gothic Revival Richard Upjohn Richard Upjohn The first American architect to follow Pugin’s principles The first American architect to follow Pugin’s principles First major commission was the Trinity Church in New York City, NY First major commission was the Trinity Church in New York City, NY

21. 19th Century Gothic Revival Trinity Church, New York City, NY Trinity Church, New York City, NY Designed for a growing and wealthy congregation Designed for a growing and wealthy congregation Used Decorated Gothic for the church Used Decorated Gothic for the church Features Features Extended chancel Extended chancel Raised altar Raised altar Ceiling vaults constructed of plaster rather than stone Ceiling vaults constructed of plaster rather than stone

22. 19th Century Gothic Revival http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

23. 19th Century Gothic Revival http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

24. 19th Century Gothic Revival http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

25. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts School of Art in France School of Art in France The Academy of Beaux-Arts in France decided that Classical architecture should supersede Gothic architecture in France during the 19 th century The Academy of Beaux-Arts in France decided that Classical architecture should supersede Gothic architecture in France during the 19 th century Designed to provide training for students who had usually completed secondary studies and passed an entrance exam Designed to provide training for students who had usually completed secondary studies and passed an entrance exam

26. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts Richard Morris Hunt (1827 – 1895) Richard Morris Hunt (1827 – 1895) The first American to attend the Ecole Des Beaux- Arts The first American to attend the Ecole Des Beaux- Arts After his return to New York, he established a practice that prospered greatly until his death After his return to New York, he established a practice that prospered greatly until his death Major structures Major structures The Breakers, Newport The Breakers, Newport Biltmore, Asheville Biltmore, Asheville Base of the Statue of Liberty Base of the Statue of Liberty

27. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts The Breakers, Newport, Rhode Island The Breakers, Newport, Rhode Island Structure built for the Vanderbilt family in Rhode Island Structure built for the Vanderbilt family in Rhode Island http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

28. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

29. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

30. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts Biltmore, Asheville, North Carolina Biltmore, Asheville, North Carolina A hunting lodge built for the Vanderbilt’s A hunting lodge built for the Vanderbilt’s http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

31. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

32. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts Base of the Statue of Liberty Base of the Statue of Liberty 1880 1880 http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

33. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

34. 19th Century: The Ecole Des Beaux- Arts http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

35. References Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture

36. 19 th Century Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp