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Mr. Johnson U.S. History American Culture (1801-1850) Created by Mr. Johnson
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Objectives 2.02 – Describe the growth of nationalism and sectionalism as reflected in art, literature and language.
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Macro Concepts Conflict Style Micro Concepts Nationalism Sectionalism Transcendentalism The Common Man Factual Content Noah Webster Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Neoclassical Architecture Washington Irving Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne James Fenimore Cooper Hudson River School of Artists Alexis de Tocqueville Knickerbocker School Themes & Terms
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Thomas Cole’s The Course of Empire
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The Savage State
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The Arcadian or Pastoral State
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The Consummation
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Destruction
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Desolation
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American Art
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Hudson River School Hudson Valley, NY Themes − Landscapes − Settlement Nature as a manifestation of God “Luminescence” Thomas Cole
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Twilight in the Wilderness – Frederick Church
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Kindred Spirits – Asher Durand
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Hudson River Scene – Asher Durand
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Daniel Boone – Thomas Cole
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Evening in Arcady – Thomas Cole
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View on the Catskill – Thomas Cole
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View from Mount Holyoke – Thomas Cole
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George Catlin Portraits Fascinated with Native Americans Traveled the same route as the Lewis & Clark expedition
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She Who Bathes Her Knees
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Four Bears
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Ah-yaw-ne-tak-oár-ron
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White Cloud
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Gilbert Stuart Portraits of founding fathers
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Theater
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Minstrel Shows Blackface Racial stereotypes − Buffonery − “Happy slave” Irreverent humor African influence on American dance & music
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Spike Lee’s “Bamboozled”
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A Nation’s Architecture
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Neoclassical Architecture Drawing from the “best” of Greek & Roman architecture Desire for a great and lasting government Political similarities to Greece and Rome State Capitol - Raleigh
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Classical Orders Doric Ionic Corinthian
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Roman Colosseum
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Roman Pantheon
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Cincinnatus
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Federal Hall – New York
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Second Bank of the U.S. – Philadelphia
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Monticello
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U.S. Capitol, 1800
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U.S. Capitol, 1856
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U.S. Capitol Today
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U.S. Capitol Dome
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Apotheosis of George Washington
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The White House, 1820
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The White House Today
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Greenough’s Statue of Washington 1840 Modeled on Zeus Controversial Reaction − Outrage – indecency/lack of clothing − Anti-democratic – depiction as a god − Humor – “He’s reaching for his clothes!”
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"Did anybody ever see Washington naked! It is inconceivable…. I imagine [he] was born with his clothes on and his hair powdered, and made a stately bow on his first appearance in the world." -Nathaniel Hawthorne
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Houdon’s Statue of Washington Richmond, VA state house Fasces Cincinnatus
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American Language & Literature
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Noah Webster Blue-Backed Speller (1783) An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828) Standardized American English; used in schools
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Literary Styles Romanticism − Beauty − Emotion − Imagination Transcendentalism − Nature − Spirituality − Self-reliance
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Washington Irving Rip Van Winkle The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
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Rip Van Winkle
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The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
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Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
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Knickerbocker School “School” of writers Founded by Irving Literature of the common man NYC and the northeast as the essence of American culture
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Edgar Allan Poe Stories of the macabre; “dark romanticism” One of the first short story writers First modern mystery & detective stories
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“The Raven”
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“The Fall of the House of Usher”
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“The Telltale Heart”
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“The Cask of Amontillado”
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James Fenimore Cooper Leatherstocking Tales − Series of novels featuring the hero Natty Bumppo (“Hawkeye”) − Includes The Last of the Mohicans Frontier life: pioneers & Native Americans Inaccurate but sympathetic portrait of Native American life
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Cole’s Scenes from Last of the Mohicans
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The Transcendentalists Emerson & Thoreau Man is essentially good Self-reliance & individualism Intuition and spirituality over reason “Oversoul” “Man is not a farmer, or a professor, or an engineer, but he is all”
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Poet & essayist Speech: “The American Scholar” (1837) − Urges scholars to create a new, uniquely American culture independent of Europe − “Intellectual Declaration of Independence” “Self-Reliance” – independent thinking Spiritual matters over material matters
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Henry David Thoreau Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854) − Transcendentalist classic Civil Disobedience (1849) − “Under a government which imprisons unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison” − Slavery and the Mexican-American War
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Walden Pond “If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.”
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“The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation, and go to the grave with the song still in them.”
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Thoreau’s Cabin Reconstructed
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Nathaniel Hawthorne Critic of Transcendentalists − Sin − Weakness of human nature The Scarlet Letter The House of Seven Gables
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The Scarlet Letter
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