1. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 1 Instructor E-Sources PowerPoint™ Presentation Chapter 8 Texas in the Age of Agrarian Discontent The History of Texas Harlan Davidson, Inc.

2. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 2 Learning Outcomes (8) Comprehend the factors that led to agrarian discontent, appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of Texas economic development, think about the implications of labor organization, understand the differences in political philosophies of the late 1800s.

3. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 3 Chapter 8 The Age of Agrarian Discontent Economic developmentEconomic development – The Railroads Land Grant Law Laying track Consequences Lumber, Mills & Gins – Lumber, Mills & Gins Entrepreneurs Labor Manufacturing Cotton bale at Galveston before compression

4. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 4 The Age of Agrarian Discontent Economic developmentEconomic development – Minerals Oil Coal & iron ore Salt Labor Unions – Labor Unions Background ~ early unionization in Texas Strikes Texas State Federation of Labor (TSFL)

5. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 5 The Age of Agrarian Discontent Economic developmentEconomic development – Agriculture CommercializationCommercialization The New South argumentThe New South argument CottonCotton – Education & Public Services PrisonsPrisons EducationEducation –Public school system reorganization –Higher education

6. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 6 Agriculture Jesse Boyd plowing Charlie Swenson’s farm, in late 1890s or early 1900s

7. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 7 State Services Prisoners ~ stone quarry, Marble Falls, ca 1880

8. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 8 Texas Politics Texas Politics, 1876-1890Texas Politics, 1876-1890 – Democratic Party supremacy – Conservative dominance Maintaining the status quo Texas State Capitol completed – The Challengers The Republican Party The Greenback Party The push for reform

9. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 9 Texas Politics Texas Politics, 1876-1890Texas Politics, 1876-1890 – Agrarian Organizations The Patrons of Husbandry ~ the Grange –Cooperative ventures –Moderate reforms Texas Farmers’ Alliance –Political activism –The Dawes Formula –The “Cleburne Demands” –Alliance men and 3 rd party politics –Hard time and Populism

10. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 10 Texas Politics Texas Politics, 1886-1900Texas Politics, 1886-1900 – Reform Democrats Gov. James S. Hogg The Railroad Commission The “Hogg Laws” – Populism in Texas The Subtreasury Plan The Populist Crusade ~ a secular religion White and Black voters The campaign of 1896

11. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 11 The Age of Agrarian Discontent Texas at Century’s endTexas at Century’s end – The Populist legacy Terrell Election Laws (1903, 1907) Jim Crow laws The passive southern state tradition – The passive southern state tradition Segregation One party politics The decline of agricultural politics – The decline of agricultural politics – Urbanism

12. History of Texas, 4e © 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 12 Key Words & Terms (8) Land Grant Law (1876) Permanent School Fund Fifty Cent La "cowtown" Spindletop Capitol Boycott Knights of Labor Great Southwestern Strike James S. Hogg Albert R. Parsons Alien Land Law Law of 1884 Morrill Act (1862) "The Lost Cause” Railroad Commission Greenback Party (1870s) prohibitionists ("drys") Anti-prohibitionists ("wets") Norris Wright Cuney Texas State Grange/Patrons of Husbandry Texas Farmers Alliance ~ Lampasas, TX Colored Farmers Alliance Charles W. Macune SubTreasury Plan Populism