1. Ancient Rome

2. Tiber River A river In Italy

3. Italian Peninsula An arm of land surrounded by the Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian, and Adriatic seas – the country of Italy

4. Mediterranean Sea A large body of water bordered by Europe, Asia, and Africa

5. Rome A city near the middle of the western coast of Italy *center of a great empire In Italy

6. Tarquin c. 510 B.C. Etruscan leader and the last king of Rome This is an Etruscan helmet.

7. Junius Brutus Sixth century B.C. Ancient Roman leader who, with his supporters, forced the Etruscans out of Rome

8. aqueduct a high arched structure built to carry water over long distances

10. Etruscans People that developed a culture on the Italian peninsula before the Romans

11. Pompeii A city in Italy that was buried by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius

13. Carthage An important Phoenician trading post in North Africa *Rome’s enemy

14. Rome A city that was the former center of both the ancient Roman Republic and Roman Empire

15. Regulus c. 250 B.C. Ancient Roman general who was defeated & captured in a war between Rome and Carthage This is Regulus on an ancient Roman coin.

16. Hannibal 247 B.C. – 183 B.C. Carthaginian general who launched an invasion on the Romans from Spain by crossing the Alps.

17. Scipio c. 185 – 129 B.C. ancient Roman general who attacked Carthage & forced Hannibal to retreat from Rome

18. Julius Caesar 100 B.C. – 44 B.C. Ancient Roman general whose murder led to the end of the Roman Republic He made himself dictator in 45 B.C.

19. A wealthy, powerful citizen of ancient Rome.

20. plebeian A common citizen of ancient Rome Patrician and the Plebeian

21. Republic A form of government in which citizens have the right to choose their leaders.

22. A person elected to represent the people.

24. Consul In ancient Rome, one of two officials who managed the government and the army.

25. Dictator A person who has total control over the people.

26. Tribune In ancient Rome, men who were appointed to protect the rights of the plebeians.

27. patriotism A sense of pride in one’s own country

28. caesar An ancient Roman emperor This is the emperor Constantine.

29. Appian Way A famous ancient Roman road.

30. Carthage and Rome fought each other three times. These three wars became known as The Punic Wars. Altogether, they lasted nearly 120 years and the Romans won all three.

32. Colesseum A famous Roman arena

33. 63 B.C. – A.D. 14 Ancient Roman emperor whose rule began a long period of prosperity and peace called the Pax Romana, or “the Roman Peace,” for the Roman Empire.

34. Claudius 10 B.C. – A.D. 54 Ancient Roman emperor after Caligula who tried to improve conditions in the Empire

35. Caligula A.D. 12-41 cruel ancient Roman emperor who was assassinated by members of his bodyguard

36. 37-68 Ancient Roman Emperor upon whose death civil war broke out.

37. 121-180 Ancient Roman philosopher, general, and emperor who was perhaps the greatest of Rome’s “Five Good Emperors.”

38. Seneca A Roman writer disgusted by the brutality of the gladiator events

39. Emperor The ruler of an empire.

40. Gladiator In ancient Rome, a professional fighter.

41. Pax Romana “Roman Peace,” a time when ancient Rome was prosperous and peaceful.

43. Palestine A Roman province on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

44. Nazareth A city in ancient Palestine and the home of Jesus.

45. Peter died c. A.D. 67 Disciple of Jesus who helped spread his teachings throughout the Roman Empire

46. Paul died c. A.D. 68 Disciple of Jesus who helped spread his teachings throughout the Roman Empire

47. Jesus A young Jewish man who taught in Palestine and founded Christianity.

48. Constantine 275-337 Roman emperor who made Christianity equal to all other religions in Rome and reunited the Roman Empire after Diocletian had divided it into two parts.

49. Theodosius Ancient Roman Emperor who made Christianity Rome’s official religion in 380.

50. catacomb An underground room used as a burial site

51. Synagogue A Jewish place of worship.

52. Disciple One of a small group of people who followed Jesus.

53. persecute To punish At first, Christians were persecuted for their beliefs.

54. Christianity The monotheistic religion based on the life, and death of Jesus.

55. New Testament The part of the Christian Bible that Contains the Gospels.

56. Gospels In Christianity, the four books of the Bible known as the New Testament

57. Apostle One of the twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to help him preach and spread the Word of God.

58. Messiah In Judaism, a leader sent by God; in Christianity, the Savior, Jesus, God in human form.

59. LESSON 5

60. Byzantium An old Greek city, renamed Constantinople, that became the center of the Byzantine Empire (present day-Istanbul)

61. Constantinople The capital of the Byzantine Empire

62. Commodus 161-192 ancient Roman Emperor who succeeded his father, Marcus Aurelius, and began the decline of the Roman Empire

63. Diocletian c. 245-316 Ancient Roman emperor who restored and strengthened the economy of the Roman Empire by dividing it into two parts, the Eastern and Western

64. Romulus Augustus c. 464 - ? Last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire in A.D. 476 at the age of twelve and reigned for only eleven months

65. auction To sell something to the highest bidder

66. pope The leader of the Roman Catholic Church This is Pope Benedict XVI.

67. pillage To rob

68. vandal A person who destroys property

69. Byzantine Empire An empire of lands formally part of the Roman Empire with its center at Constantinople

70. Byzantine Orthodox Church The early Christian Church in the Eastern Roman Empire of which the emperor was the head

71. Roman Catholic Church The early Christian Church in the Western Roman Empire of which the Pope was the head