1. Schizophrenia Human Behavior

3. Common Misconception… People who have schizophrenia do not have multiple personalities or a split personality They are split from reality – cannot tell what is real and what is not… Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) coined the term "Schizophrenia" in 1908

4. Schizophrenia definition – mental condition involving distorted perceptions of reality and inability to function in most aspects of life

5. DID or MPD Dissociative Identity Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder When 2 or more personalities are present within the same individual

6. DID or MPD Most common with people who have been sexually or physically abused Amnesia cause the other personality to take over Each personality has its own memories, behaviors and relationships (also different allergies, physical symptoms)

7. Who has schizophrenia? Most common mental illness – 1-2% of the population

8.  Risks of getting schizophrenia…

9. Who has schizophrenia? Common in all cultures, genders, and races –Men tend to develop symptoms earlier

11. Symptoms NOTE – 2 or more of these for a month would classify you as a schizophrenic –Can be gradual or abrupt –There are positive and negative symptoms

12. Symptoms cont. POSITIVE – exaggerations or distortions of normal processes or behaviors

13. Symptoms cont. 1.Delusions * bizarre or false beliefs about reality * Examples… someone out to get them aliens believe they are famous

14. Symptoms cont. 2.Hallucinations * bizarre, unreal sensory perceptions of the environment * Examples hearing voices feeling bugs crawl on skin seeing objects or faces smelling things

15. Symptoms cont. 3.Psychosis * lack of touch with reality * Example… disordered thought process

16. Symptoms cont. 4.Disorganized thinking or speech * Example… speak very little change thought mid-sentence

17. Symptoms cont. 5.Inappropriate Behavior * Examples… childlike silliness violence

18. Symptoms cont. 6.Catatonia * flexed in a certain position for a period of time “Waxy Flexibility” – persons arms will remain frozen if moved by someone else for long periods of time

19. Catatonia…

20. Negative Symptoms Flat Effect – absence of normal behavior or emotion Examples –Social withdrawal –Absence of emotion and expression –Reduced energy, motivation, and activity –Poor hygiene ** occurs before and after positive symptoms

21. Flat effect…

22. Types of Schizophrenia… 1.Disorganized * lack of emotion * disorganized speech * silly/childlike behavior * makes no sense when talking

23. Types of Schizophrenia… 2.Catatonic * waxy flexibility * reduced movement * rigid posture * sometime too much movement

24. Catatonic Schizophrenia…

25. Types of Schizophrenia… 3.Paranoid * strong delusions * strong hallucinations

26. Types of Schizophrenia… 4.Undifferentiated / Simple * disturbances of thought or behavior or emotion * does not fit into another category

27. Causes… Scientists do not know all the causes… 1. Genetics – “runs in the family”

29. Causes… 2.Prenatal Damage * Malnutrition * Viruses

30. Causes… 3.Environment * Family Stress * Poor Social Interactions * Infections or Viruses at an early age * Trauma at an early age

31. Causes… 4.Neurotransmitters (Biological) * too much dopamine, low levels of serotonin and glutamate

32. Causes… 5.Brain Abnormalities (Biological) * reduced number of neurons * enlarged ventricles * thalamus abnormalities

35. Causes… 6. Reinforcement of a bizarre behavior (Behaviorists)

36. Treatments… 1.Medication – Anti-psychotic drugs * many are made to block and alter dopamine and serotonin receptors * not a cure, but reduces symptoms (in 50%) * side effects… tremors, dystonia (muscle contraction), restlessness, involuntary/abnormal movements of mouth (40%), weight gain, skin problems

37. Anti-psychotic drugs…

38. Treatments 2.Counseling… * family counseling / psychological therapy * occupational training * Goal – make them a useful member of society

41. John Forbes Nash Jr.

42. Timeline of John Nash 1928 – born in Bluefield, WV 1945-48 – attended Carnegie Institute 1949-50 – attended Princeton –Ph.D. 1950 –Nash Equilibrium 1950-51 – taught at Princeton 1951-59 – taught at MIT

43. Timeline of John Nash 1953 – 1 st child with Eleanor Stier John David (refused to have contact with) 1957 – married Alicia Lopez-Harrison de Lard 1958 – showed 1 st signs of mental illness 1959 – admitted to McClean Hospital –Diagnosed with Schizophrenia –son John Charles born – no name for 2 year was also schizophrenic

44. Timeline of John Nash 1961-1965 – returned to teach at Princeton 1963 – Alicia divorced Nash 1960-70 – In and out of mental hospital 1965-67 – researcher at Brandeis University 1970 – moved back in with Alicia 1970-90 – little known about Nash, slowly improved mental health 1994 – Nobel Prize 1996 – published research again 2001 – remarried Alicia