1. CESR as Light Source David L. Rubin for the CESR Operations Group Cornell University Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics

2. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 2 - Introduction to CESR - CESR Operating Status - Multi-bunch optics - Low emittance tuning - Single beam optics - Low emittance layout

3. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 3 CESR - CESR operates with counterrotating beams of electrons and positrons - Beam energy ranges from 1.5-5.5 GeV -Injector - Linac ~ 300MeV electrons & 150MeV positrons - Synchrotron booster accelerates to full storage ring energy - Linac/synchrotron cycle at 60Hz - Electron gun pulses at up to 72MHz to fill CESR with bunches spaced 14ns Bunch configuration - Traditionally 9 equally spaced trains - As many as 6 bunches/train with 14ns spacing - I total ~ 250 mA/beam

4. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 4 CESR operating status Electrons 200 mA - 30 bunches Positrons 180 mA - 22 bunches Lifetime ~ 12 hours Fill length ~ 3hours  h ~ 140 nm  v ~ 1-2 nm X-ray beam position stability < 30  m. CHESS optics

5. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 5 Sunday operation CESR operations 23.5 hours beam 23.25 hours beam Ion trapping

6. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 6 CESR multi-bunch operation Colliding beam configuration 4 electrostatic deflectors generate differential closed orbit distortion that separates electron and positron bunch trains. 9X5 Beginning fall 2008 interaction region low  optics replaced with simple FODO lattice structure. (L0) Vertical separators removed (L3) and the 9X5 configuration is no longer viable.

7. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 7 CESR multi-bunch operation CHESS operation today 4 positron trains and 6 electron trains with 6 bunches/train Beginning September 2009 10 trains 4 bunches/train electrons and positrons

8. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 8 Low Emittance Tuning Having removed the low-  insertion and CLEO 1.5T solenoid and rotated IR quadrupoles and vertical separators We have eliminated sources of transverse coupling, vertical dispersion and vertical beam size New optics configuration permits significant reduction in vertical emittance Operation with counterrotating beams limits the number of bunches. High bunch current /good lifetime/ low vertical emittance are mutually exclusive

9. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 9 -Principle component of the CesrTA project is to reduce vertical emittance and develop procedures to monitor and maintain low emittance -Survey and alignment - survey network -Digital beam position monitor electrons will permit single bunch/single pass real time nondestructive measurement of - Orbit - Optical functions - Transverse coupling - Dispersion -On line analysis and modeling software will deploy corrector magnets (vertical steering, quadrupoles, skew quads) to preserve minimum emittance as well as beam position Low Emittance Tuning

10. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 10 Accelerator R&D Single beam operation? “Pretzel” configuration (electrons and positrons) - Constrains optics (precludes low horizontal emittance) - Complicates injection (injected bunch collides with opposite species stored beam) - Limits number of bunches - Impedes low emittance tuning (beam is off axis in all magnets) Single beam (positrons) - Lower horizontal emittance optics - More bunches (lower bunch current, smaller vertical beam size, longer lifetime) - More efficient injection (top off ?) - Reduced vertical emittance - No ion trapping

11. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 11 Single beam optics 5GeV Positrons >180 bunches I = 250mA  h = 50nm  v ~ 200pm Based on existing Ring layout (Machine studies experiments are underway)

12. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 12 Existing layout Low emittance (single beam) layout Low Emittance layout Rearrange hard bends for single beam operation - Lower horizontal emittance - Space for undulator/wiggler

13. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 13 TodaySeptember 2009 Machine studies New ring layout Emittance[nm] (h/v)140/1110/152/0.215/0.17/0.05 Bunches30/2240/40>180 Current/beam [mA]175225250 Particle speciese + & e - e+e+ e+e+ e+e+ Horizontal Tune10.5710.2114.57 Energy[GeV]5.3 5.0 3.5 Lattice development

14. April 28, 2009 CHESS Site Visit 14 Summary Today - 2 beam operation ~ 175mA/beam, 52 bunches Beginning Fall 2009 - 2 beams, 225mA/beam (80 bunches) Single beam existing layout (?) Positrons, 250mA, >180 bunches, 50nm Single beam - low emittance layout Positrons, 250mA, >180 bunches, 15nm