1. Warm Water Treatments against Codling Moth Larvae in Cherries

2. Efficacy Trials

3. Review Summer 2001

6. Recent Summer 2002

10. Problem: How to standardize the different types of water baths to allow for comparisons.

15. Lethal Times Based on heating block exposuresBased on heating block exposures Equivalent timesEquivalent times Standardized to 48°CStandardized to 48°C

16. Variables used for calculations Bath temperaturesBath temperatures Fruit temperatures at time tFruit temperatures at time t Accumulative measurementsAccumulative measurements

17. Calculating Lethal Times LT =  10 -(T(t)-T ref )/z t 0 where T ref = bath temperature and z = 4

18. Standardize treatment temperatures to 48°C by: Corr. LT= LT/10 (T ref -48°)

21. Lethal Times: Comparisons across studies

22. Lethal Times based on the equivalent time on Heating Block set at 48°C.

25. Summer 2002 All

27. Treatment Equivalents 48°C, 20 min48°C, 20 min 50°C, 5 min50°C, 5 min 52°C, 2 min52°C, 2 min 54°C, 1 min54°C, 1 min

28. Future needs: Standardizing treatment parameters

29. Treatment Parameters LoadLoad ÝTotal amount ÝAmount per unit ÝFluid capacity ÝConductivity

30. Treatment Parameters cont. Starting temperatureStarting temperature Target temperatureTarget temperature Holding timeHolding time ÝIn original container ÝIn separate baths

31. Problems Uniformity--how much variability is acceptableUniformity--how much variability is acceptable Duplication (replication)Duplication (replication) Fruit circulation (design)Fruit circulation (design) Parts for improvementParts for improvement Lost larvaeLost larvae

36. How Quarantine Treatments Are Accepted by MAFF-Japan

37. Minimum Requirements * Least susceptible stageLeast susceptible stage Demonstration with 30,000Demonstration with 30,000 Phytotoxicity testsPhytotoxicity tests Safety and residue issuesSafety and residue issues One cultivarOne cultivar More tests for other cultivarsMore tests for other cultivars * Based on MeBr treatments

38. APHIS NPSResearcher MAFFJapan Area Industry