1. Bioterrorism & Biological War Bioterrorism & Biological War Prof. A K Mudgal Govt College Aron M.P INDIA

2. GENES DONOT MAKE YOU BAD, THEY MAKE PROTEINS

4. Have you ever noticed this Sign

5. What is Bioterrorism

6. BW Biological warfare (BW) is the use of organisms that cause disease to harm or kill an adversary’s military forces, population, food or livestock. Biological warfare (BW) is the use of organisms that cause disease to harm or kill an adversary’s military forces, population, food or livestock. Living organic germs, like anthrax, are a major example of biological weapons. Living organic germs, like anthrax, are a major example of biological weapons. Byproducts of organisms, such as toxins. An example is botulinum. Byproducts of organisms, such as toxins. An example is botulinum. Biological agents are much deadlier, pound for pound, than chemical agents. It has been estimated that 10 grams of anthrax could kill as many people as a ton of the nerve agent Sarin. Biological agents are much deadlier, pound for pound, than chemical agents. It has been estimated that 10 grams of anthrax could kill as many people as a ton of the nerve agent Sarin.

7. Biological WAR Use of virus, Bacteria, fungi and other biological agents for mass destruction Use of virus, Bacteria, fungi and other biological agents for mass destruction Clandestine operation Clandestine operation Bioterrorism Bioterrorism

8. Bioterrorism 1993 - Japan - Aum Shinrikyo anthrax release in Kameido 1993 - Japan - Aum Shinrikyo anthrax release in Kameido Aum ShinrikyoAum Shinrikyo 2001 USA Anthrax 2001 USA Anthrax

9. 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), signed by over 100 countries 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), signed by over 100 countriesBiological Weapons ConventionBiological Weapons Convention Biological weapons are so lethal that one gram of purified botulinum toxin could kill 10 million people. Biological weapons are so lethal that one gram of purified botulinum toxin could kill 10 million people.botulinum toxinbotulinum toxin

10. At the time of the Korean War the US had only one agent, brucellosis (agent US), which is caused by Brucella suis. The original weaponized form used the M114 bursting bomblet in M33 cluster bombs At the time of the Korean War the US had only one agent, brucellosis (agent US), which is caused by Brucella suis. The original weaponized form used the M114 bursting bomblet in M33 cluster bombsKorean WarbrucellosisKorean Warbrucellosis

11. Biological agents A biological agent is a bacterium, virus, prion, fungus, or biological toxin that can be used in bioterrorism or biological warfare. More than 1200 different kinds of biological agents have been described and studied to date A biological agent is a bacterium, virus, prion, fungus, or biological toxin that can be used in bioterrorism or biological warfare. More than 1200 different kinds of biological agents have been described and studied to datebacteriumvirus prionfungusbiological toxinbioterrorismbiological warfarebacteriumvirus prionfungusbiological toxinbioterrorismbiological warfare

13. Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus anthracis. Causes anthrax Causes anthrax If bacteria are inhaled, symptoms may develop in two to three days If bacteria are inhaled, symptoms may develop in two to three days Initial symptoms resembling common respiratory infection are followed by high fever, vomiting, joint ache and labored breathing, and internal and external bleeding lesions Initial symptoms resembling common respiratory infection are followed by high fever, vomiting, joint ache and labored breathing, and internal and external bleeding lesions Exposure is fatal Exposure is fatal

14. Brucellosis Maltese fever Maltese fever Man, livestock, Lethal Man, livestock, Lethal Psittacosis :parrot fever Psittacosis :parrot fever Chlamydophila psittaci : lethal Chlamydophila psittaci : lethal

15. Botulinum toxin Botulinum toxin Cause of botulism, produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria Cause of botulism, produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria Symptoms appear 12 to 72 hours after ingestion or inhalation Symptoms appear 12 to 72 hours after ingestion or inhalation Initial symptoms are nausea and diarrhea, followed by weakness, dizziness and respiratory paralysis, leading to death Initial symptoms are nausea and diarrhea, followed by weakness, dizziness and respiratory paralysis, leading to death Antitoxin can sometimes arrest the process. Antitoxin can sometimes arrest the process.

16. Q fever Coxiella burnetii Coxiella burnetii Coxiella burnetii Coxiella burnetii threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),acute respiratory distress syndromeacute respiratory distress syndrome

17. Yersinia pestis Yersinia pestis Causes bubonic plague, the Black Death of the Middle Ages Causes bubonic plague, the Black Death of the Middle Ages If bacteria reach the lungs, symptoms-- including fever and delirium--may appear in three or four days If bacteria reach the lungs, symptoms-- including fever and delirium--may appear in three or four days Untreated cases are nearly always fatal. Vaccines can offer immunity, and antibiotics are usually effective if administered promptly Untreated cases are nearly always fatal. Vaccines can offer immunity, and antibiotics are usually effective if administered promptly

18. Ebola Ebola virus Ebola virus Highly contagious and lethal Highly contagious and lethal May not be desirable as a biological agent because of uncertain stability outside of animal host May not be desirable as a biological agent because of uncertain stability outside of animal host Symptoms, appearing two or three days after exposure, include high fever, delirium, severe joint pain, bleeding from body orifices, and convulsions, followed by death Symptoms, appearing two or three days after exposure, include high fever, delirium, severe joint pain, bleeding from body orifices, and convulsions, followed by death No known treatment. Supportive therapy No known treatment. Supportive therapy

19. Smallpox Variola

20. H1N1

21. The Big Five M1 Biodart (E1) A 7.62mm rifle cartridge with exterior grooves filled with either botulinum toxin A M1 Biodart (E1) A 7.62mm rifle cartridge with exterior grooves filled with either botulinum toxin Abotulinum toxinbotulinum toxin

22. The “Eight Ball”

23. Anti-agriculture BW Second world war: herbicide Second world war: herbicide Biotoxins Biotoxins Wheat blast & rice blast Wheat blast & rice blast

25. Parthenium Parthenium Eichornia Eichornia

27. GMO

28. Causal agent: Fusarium spp. Causal agent: Fusarium spp. Disease: Fusarium head blight Disease: Fusarium head blight Effects: Effects: Early infection prevents kernel filling Early infection prevents kernel filling Late infection - trichothecene mycotoxins Late infection - trichothecene mycotoxins Cytotoxic – intenstines, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus Cytotoxic – intenstines, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus Leads to low white blood cell count and bone marrow atrophy Leads to low white blood cell count and bone marrow atrophy Estimated LD50 – 0.5 mg/kg Estimated LD50 – 0.5 mg/kg Burning sensation, spotty hemorrhages, internal hemorrhages, vomiting Burning sensation, spotty hemorrhages, internal hemorrhages, vomiting Head Scab of Wheat

29. Fusarium is not host Fusarium is not host specific specific Soil borne Soil borne Wheat resistance known but not developed Wheat resistance known but not developed Chemical control effectiveness dependent on timing and only 50-60% effective. Chemical control effectiveness dependent on timing and only 50-60% effective.

30. Countries With or Suspect of Having BW Programs China China Taiwan Iran Taiwan Iran Cuba Cuba Israel Israel Russia Russia USA USA North Korea North Korea Iraq (DNF) Iraq (DNF) Syria Syria Egypt Egypt Japan Japan

31. White coat

32. Entomological Warfare Infected Insects Infected Insects Colorado potato beetle

33. Japan in WW II killed 500000 chinese. Japan in WW II killed 500000 chinese.

34. High level threats by UN Biopen Biopen

35. INDIAN CONCERN

36. This is Black Biology