1. Deconstructing Your Action A Strategy for Analyzing Impacts on Bird Populations

2. A thorough analysis of an action’s impacts on the species and its resources is an essential component of the coordination process to reduce impacts to migratory birds Effects Analysis ?

3. Analyzing Effects Deconstruct the Action Break the proposed action into its separate components Exposure Identify which birds and resources will be affected by produced stressors Response Understand the consequences to birds from stressor exposure

4. Goal and Objective Goal: Determine whether a species and/or its resources will be exposed to stressors produced by project activities Objective: Link cause and effect relationships between an activity and bird demography

5. Raise awareness to how actions affect birds Provide transparent and logical step-wise process Identify appropriate conservation measures Optimizes the allocation of staff and funding BENEFITS

7. Deconstructing the Action Identify PROJECT TYPE Identify ALL ACTIVITIES associated with the Project Identify STRESSORS produced by ALL activities Project Type Activity 1Stressor 1Stressor 2Stressor 3Activity 2Activity 3Activity 4

8. Transmission Line Development Cement Pad Construction Vegetation Removal Human Disturbance NoiseActivity 2Activity 3Activity 4

9. Understanding Exposure Bird Conservation Needs All species have three main conservation needs – Breeding – Sheltering – Feeding Specific resources are required to meet these conservation needs

10. Resources Appropriate Vegetation Structure – Nest sites – Food – Shelter from weather Access to food for adults and young “Healthy Space” (natural balance) – Predators – Parasites – Competitors – Disease – Other Disturbances

12. Understanding Response How do birds and/or their resources respond when exposed to a stressor? Consider all life stages Are there reported responses – scientific and commercial information If no information, use the precautionary principle to determine the most likely response

13. Increasing Severity BehavioralLethalSub-Lethal Death No Response Alarm Startle Abandonment Avoidance Displacement Reduced Feeding SuccessReduced Growth RatesReduced Fecundity Delayed Age at Sexual Maturity Reproductive Failure Altered behavioral displays Increased respiration Depressed autoimmune responses <10% probability of death 10-20% probability of death20-40% probability of death 40-60% probability of death Response Continuum

14. Increasing Severity BehavioralLethalSub-Lethal Death No Response Alarm Startle Abandonment Avoidance Displacement Reduced Feeding Success Reduced Growth Rates Reduced Fecundity Delayed Age at Sexual Maturity Reproductive Failure Altered behavioral displays Increased respiration Depressed autoimmune responses <10% probability of death 10-20% probability of death20-40% probability of death 40-60% probability of death

15. IMPACTS EFFECTS THREAT FOCUS ON THE IMPACTS

16. Transmission Line Development Cement Pad Construction Vegetation Removal Human Disturbance NoiseActivity 2Activity 3Activity 4 Displacement IMPACTS EFFECTS Reduced Productivity Local Population Declines Reduced Pairing Success