1. Overview  Recap  HTML

2. Recap  What is cloud computing?  What are application service providers (ASPs)?  Describe major functions of operating systems (OS)  Name and explain several generations of programming languages

3. Software Alternatives  Cloud Computing – a recent advance in computing and software delivery; software and virtualized hardware are provided as a service over the Internet; “cloud” is a metaphor for the Internet  Application Service Providers (ASPs) – provide necessary applications for a fee (rather than a firm developing or purchasing the software)

4. Operating Systems – programs that run the computer operations (Recap)  Operating Systems Functions –  User Interface – how the user communicates with the computer  Resource Management – manages the hardware and network resources  File Management – controls the creation, deletion, and access of files of the data and programs  Task Management – manages which tasks are performed and when

5. Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages (Recap)  Machine Languages – first generation language – instructions written in binary (0’s and 1’s); runs directly on the computer  Assembler Languages – second generation language – uses symbols/mnemonics to represent operational codes; converted into binary by an Assembler  High-Level Languages – third generation language – BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN; converted into binary by Compliers and Interpreters; users tell the computer What results they want and How to get there

6. Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages (Recap)  Fourth-Generation Languages (4GL) – non- procedural languages; users tell the computer What results they want, but the computer decides How to get there  Fifth Generation Languages (5GL) – natural languages, very close to English, conversational  Object-Oriented Languages (5GL) – combine the data elements and the programs that act on them into Objects; Reusability

7. Web and Internet Languages and Services

8.  HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) – a page description language (markup languages are NOT programming languages)  XML (eXtensible Markup Language) – describes the Content of Web pages by applying contextual labels to the data

9. Web and Internet Languages and Services  Web Services – software that electronically links applications of different users and different platforms

10. Web and Internet Languages and Services

11. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

12. HTML Basics Hypertext Markup Language A format of documents for Internet Displayed by Web browsers Simple text or complex multimedia

13. History of HTML 1960s – General Markup Language (GML – IBM) 1980s – the first draft of Standard General Markup Language (SGML - ANSI) Mosaic browser (NCSA) HTML – an application of SGML 1994 – HTML version 2.0 1996 – HTML version 3.2 1997 – 1999 – HTML version 4.0 2000 – Present – HTML Version 5.0

14. Tags Tags – HTML formatting Example: Text in an H1 style Delimited by angled brackets: Not case sensitive:,, and are equivalents Styles must be switched off by an end tag Space, tabs, and new lines are ignored by the browser

15. Tags If a browser doesn’t understand a tag it will usually ignore it. Tags working with any browsers Tags working with any hardware platform Most widely used to create Web pages

16. HTML Source Code Uncover HTML Source Code Open Web Browser - Internet Explore (IE) as the de facto browser for this class Select View followed by Source Examine the tags Example: http://qcao.ba.ttu.edu

17. What to Use Any word processing program or text editor Notepad is the choice of this course Tags are not case-sensitive. Save as.html file

18. Structure of an HTML Document Entire document is surrounded by … tags. Head – contains control info used by the browser, sever, and a large body Body – contains the content that display on the screen and tags which control how that content is formatted by the browser Title – All HTML documents have just one title which is displayed at the top of the browser window

19. Example Title of page This is my first homepage. This text is bold This is Font H1 This is Font H6

20. Document Body - Blocks Documents – blocks of text Each block – formatted independently Paragraph and heading... is the largest heading and is the smallest one. Alignment – default to the left

21. Lists HTML provides three types of list: The basic bulleted list A numbered list A definition list

22. Lists - Unordered List – … A unordered list … Everything between the tags must be encapsulated within … Example Disc Square Circle

23. Another Example HTML Code Coffee Milk Here is how it looks in a browser Coffee Milk

24. Lists - Ordered An ordered list … Default type "1" Everything between the tags must be encapsulated within … Example Numbers Small letters Numbers Second line

25. Lists - Definition Definition List … … - definition … - provide conventionally indented text dl tags

26. Example Coffee Black hot drink Milk White cold drink How It Looks Coffee Black hot drink Milk White cold drink

27. Spacing, Lines, and Background Colors Text Line break – … Horizontal line The does not require an end tag. Alignment – default to the left bgcolor = {Color} inside the tag

28. Example Look: Colored Background!

29. Hyperlinks Hyperlinks are created using anchor tags … Three types of links Link to another spot within your own document Link to a URL or Web page anywhere on the WWW Link to Email

30. Hyperlinks to Your Document A pair of anchor tags The first anchor tag creates a hypertext link to a location within your document i.e. Powerful Lines The second tag identifies the exact location of your document you want to link to i.e. Powerful Lines

31. Hyperlinks to Your Document (Example) Powerful Lines... Powerful Lines

32. Hyperlinks to the Web Hyperlink Examples Yahoo TTU CNN

33. Hyperlinks to Email Hyperlink > Examples Dr. Qing Cao Qing Yahoo

34. Homework 2 Design a webpage which includes Head, Body, Title (Bold font), at least three type of lists, three type of hyperlinks, and a background of color of your choice. Webpage content is up to you. Please save the assignment as YourNameHW2.html. Send the webpage file(s) to Dr. Cao at qing.cao@ttu.edu before or at 11 p.m. on Feb. 18, 2015.qing.cao@ttu.edu