1. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2009 Dumfries & Galloway Andrew White Office of the Chief Statistician 05 th February 2010

2. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 Background to SIMD Points to watch Results Overall Dumfries & Galloway Interactive mapping Where to go for more information

3. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd What is the SIMD? The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived

4. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd What are datazones? Statistical geography Criteria – Population size – Existing boundaries – Compactness of shape 6,505 datazones in Scotland; 193 in Dumfries & Galloway Average population of 750 people

5. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd What is the SIMD? The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived Uses include –Allocation of Fairer Scotland Fund –Targeting of resources by Local Authorities

6. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd History of SIMD Scottish Indices of Deprivation (SID) 2003 –produced by Oxford University – used electoral ward geography SIMD 2004 –Produced by Scottish Executive –31 indicators across 6 ‘domains’ –used datazone geography SIMD 2006 –Update to SIMD 2004 –37 indicators across 7 domains

7. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 Update to SIMD 2006 Minimise change since SIMD 2006 to ensure comparability 38 indicators across 7 aspects of deprivation (domains) Same domains as in SIMD 2006 Some changes to indicators Mostly 2007 / 2008 data

8. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd What is in the SIMD 2009? (1) Domains based on counts of people –Income domain % of population income deprived Now includes tax credit data –Employment domain % of population employment deprived No change from 2004 or 2006 –Crime domain SIMD crimes – not all crimes –Housing domain Still using 2001 census data

9. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Domains constructed using ‘factor analysis’ –Education domain –Health domain –Access domain Drive time sub-domain – GP, petrol station, post office, shopping facilities, primary school, secondary school Public transport sub-domain – GP, post office, shopping facilities What is in the SIMD 2009? (2)

10. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd How is the SIMD constructed? Combine the rankings in each domain using the weightings: –Income 28% –Employment 28% –Health 14% –Education 14% –Access 9% –Crime 5% –Housing 2%

11. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Points to watch The Index is relative i.e. shows an area is more or less deprived than another one but not how much more or less deprived. There will always be 976 datazones in the 15% most deprived – if a datazone moves out another will move in. The least deprived area is not the most affluent, it just lacks deprivation e.g. in the income domain there is a lack of benefit claimants. Not everyone living in a deprived area is deprived, and not all deprived people live in the most deprived areas.

12. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd More points to watch Data from 2007 and 2008 means the recent economic downturn not picked up but it is unlikely to have a large effect on the relative differences across Scotland. Changes to methodology so care is needed when comparing over time e.g. crime domain, tax credit data. No datazones in the 15% most deprived does not mean no deprivation, just no concentrations of multiple deprivation Index identifies deprived datazones in both urban and rural areas - just fewer concentrations of multiple deprivation and more mixed populations.

13. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow

14. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Change in Glasgow

15. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow Concentrations of multiple deprivation becoming more spread out geographically Concentrations of deprivation in most deprived datazones reduced slightly 101 datazones moved into 15% MD and 101 moved out - Movement between 10-15% and 15-20% bands. 4 in 5 datazones that moved out between 04 and 06 stayed out. 4 in 5 datazones in 15% in SIMD 09 have been in on both SIMD 04 and SIMD 06

16. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Most deprived datazone S01003279 East end of Glasgow. Ranked 62 in SIMD 2006 DZ ranked 1 in SIMD 2006 now ranked 2

17. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Most deprived datazone in Dumfries & Galloway S01000930 Stranraer Ranked 156 Also most deprived in SIMD 2006 - ranked 90 66% income deprived – 26 th most deprived in Scotland 23% employment deprived

18. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 1) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.)15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

19. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 2) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

20. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 3) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

21. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 1) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland

22. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 2) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland

23. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 3) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland

24. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Distribution of employment deprived* people *Claiming Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance or on unemployment claimant count or New Deal participants. Not ‘worklessness’ and not ‘unemployed’

25. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Results for Dumfries & Galloway

26. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Key Points 9 Dumfries & Galloway datazones in the 15% most deprived, 20 in the 20% most deprived.

27. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Datazones in the 15% most deprived in each domain

28. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd 5 most deprived datazones

29. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd 5 most deprived datazones : CRIME domain

30. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Crime

31. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Comparing domains

32. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Key Points 9 Dumfries & Galloway datazones in the 15% most deprived, 20 in the 20% most deprived. Between SIMD 2006 and SIMD 2009 –No new datazones moved in to the 15% most deprived and 2 datazones moved out between SIMD 2006 and SIMD 2009 – they didn’t move far, they stayed in the 20% most deprived.

33. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Moving out - Whithorn

34. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Employment domain improvements

35. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Moving out – Central Stranraer

36. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Key Points 9 Dumfries & Galloway datazones in the 15% most deprived, 20 in the 20% most deprived. Between SIMD 2006 and SIMD 2009 –No new datazones moved in to the 15% most deprived and 2 datazones moved out – they didn’t move far, they stayed in the 20% most deprived. –4 datazones moved in to the 20% most deprived and none moved out; mainly due to worsening in income and employment domains 11% of population of Dumfries & Galloway employment deprived – same as for Scotland as a whole.

37. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Employment deprivation

38. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Key Points 9 Dumfries & Galloway datazones in the 15% most deprived, 20 in the 20% most deprived. Between SIMD 2006 and SIMD 2009 –No new datazones moved in to the 15% most deprived and 2 datazones moved out between SIMD 2006 and SIMD 2009 – they didn’t move far, they stayed in the 20% most deprived. –4 datazones moved in to the 20% most deprived and none moved out; mainly due to worsening in income and employment domains 11% of population of Dumfries & Galloway employment deprived – same as for Scotland as a whole. 16% of population of Dumfries & Galloway income deprived compared to 17% for Scotland

39. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Income deprivation

40. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Income deprivation

41. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Interactive mapping website

42. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Interactive mapping

43. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Dumfries & Galloway

44. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Dumfries - Overall SIMD

45. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Dumfries - Income

46. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Dumfries - Employment

47. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Dumfries - Health

48. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Dumfries - Education

49. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Dumfries - Access

50. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Dumfries - Crime

51. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Dumfries - Housing

52. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Where to find more.. General report with initial analysis Technical report Guidance leaflet Interactive mapping website Statistical Compendium –tables, charts & maps Background data for SIMD 2006 www.scotland.gov.uk/simd More to come…

53. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd ANY QUESTIONS? Contacts: Andrew White Tel: 0131 244 7714 andrew.white@scotland.gsi.gov.uk Neighbourhood Statistics (SNS & SIMD) Tel: 0131 244 0442 neighbourhoodstatistics@scotland.gov.uk

54. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Part 2 – Rural indicators

55. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd SIMD and rural areas Index identifies deprived datazones in both urban and rural areas. Identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation. The indicators which make up the SIMD are chosen because they are measures of deprivation regardless of where a person lives. However deprivation more spatially dispersed in rural areas. Other factors, such as population decline, may also pose particular challenges for rural areas.

56. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Rural indicators SG looked into creating new ‘population’ domain and combining it with existing income, employment and access domains Possible population indicators included: –Population density –Population change –Change in population aged 0-15 –Change in population of pension age –Change in ratio of population aged 0-15 to working age population –Change in ratio of population of pension age to working age population

57. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Population domain Investigation suggested that these indicators weren’t sufficiently correlated with each other to allow creation of a population domain

58. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Lack of correlation between indicators

59. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Population domain Investigation suggested that these indicators weren’t sufficiently correlated with each other to allow creation of a population domain Also showed that, in general, population decline not worse in more rural areas Likely that there are particular rural areas experiencing problems but that these problems are not necessarily an issue for all rural areas. Also possible that population decline in a rural area poses a more significant problem than a similar level of population decline in an urban area.

60. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Population change by 8-fold Urban-Rural Classification

61. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Rural dataset? Since it appears a population domain is not feasible we may produce a dataset containing the indicators mentioned earlier (or variations of them) along with the following: –Income domain rank, –% of population who are income deprived, –Employment domain rank, –% of population who are employment deprived, –Access domain rank, Drive time sub-domain rank, Public transport sub-domain rank. This will then allow identification of areas where there may be population decline etc. whilst also providing other relevant data about these areas.

62. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Additional slides

63. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Employment domain Income domain Health domain Education domain Access to services Crime domain Housing domain SIMD 2009 domains

64. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Employment Deprivation Domain Based on benefits data (2008) –Unemployment Claimant Count 12 month average –Incapacity Benefit recipients Working age –Severe Disablement Allowance Working age –Compulsory New Deal Participants No change to 2004 indicators for 2006 or 2009 Datazone SAPE –Working age population

65. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Income Deprivation Domain Not measuring income Based on benefits data (2008 and 2007) –Income support adults and children –Guarantee Pension Credit adults –Job Seekers Allowance adults and children 2004 used WFTC and DTC data 2009 – WTC and CTC (2006 data) Datazone SAPE –Total population

66. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Health Deprivation Domain Indicators used: –Standardised Mortality Ratio –Hospital Episodes related to alcohol use –Hospital Episodes related to drug use –Comparative Illness Factor –Emergency Admissions to Hospital –Proportion of population being prescribed drugs for anxiety, depression or psychosis –Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight Methodological changes since 2004 Minor changes for 2009 Combined using factor analysis

67. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Education Deprivation Domain Indicators –School pupil absences –Pupil Performance on SQA at Stage 4 –Working age people with no qualifications –17-21 year olds enrolling into HE –People ages 16-18 not in full time education, employment or training NEET indicator change for 2009 Populations relevant to indicator Combined using factor analysis

68. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Access to Services Domain Drive Times –GP –Shopping facilities (Supermarket in 2004) –Petrol Station –Primary and Secondary Schools (Primary only in 2004) –Post Office Public Transport (Not included in SIMD 2004) –GP –Shopping Facilities –Post Office Population weighted based on COAs Factor analysis within sub-domains Methodology and modelling changes Change to sub-domain weights.

69. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Crime Domain Relevant to Neighbourhood Deprivation ‘SIMD crime’ not ‘Total Crime’ –Crimes of violence –Drug Offences –Domestic Housebreaking –Minor Assault –Vandalism Does not include crimes in/near police station First included in 2006 Total populations – rate per 10,000 Move to financial year for SIMD 2009

70. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Housing Deprivation Domain Census data –No change since SIMD 2004 –Persons in households which are overcrowded –Persons in households without central heating Census populations –Total population No new indicators identified

71. www.scotland.gov.uk/simd Domains and Weightings 200420062009 Domainsweight % of overall weightDomainsweight % of overall weightweight % of overall weight Current Income629Current Income12281228 Employment629Employment12281228 Health314Health6146 Education, Skills and training314 Education, Skills and training6146 Geographic Access and Telecommu nications2 10Geographic Access: 4949 ~ Drive times0.750.66 ~ Public transport times 0.250.33 Housing15 1212 ---Crime2525