1. Petrochemicals Presentation by FOZIA ALI BANAWAZ Chemistry Dept.DCW VIII

2. Contents: Natural Resources of Organic compounds 1.Coal, 2.Natural gas, 3.Petroleum Reserviors of fossil fuels Petrochemical Industry

3. PETRO-CHEMICALS Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as corn or sugar cane.chemical productspetroleumchemical compoundsfossil fuels coalnatural gascornsugar cane

4. CLASSIFICATION Primary petrochemicals are divided into three groups depending on their chemical structure:chemical structure

5. CLASS 1: Olefins includes ethylene, propylene, and butadiene. Ethylene and propylene are important sources of industrial chemicals and plastics products. Butadiene is used in making synthetic rubber.ethylenepropylene butadieneEthylenepropyleneindustrial chemicalsplasticsproductssynthetic rubber

6. CLASS 2: Aromatics includes benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Benzene is a raw material for dyes and synthetic detergents, and benzene and toluene for isocyanates MDI and TDI used in making polyurethanes. Manufacturers use xylenes to produce plastics and synthetic fibers.benzenetoluene xylenes dyesMDITDIpolyurethanes Manufacturersxylenes

7. CLASS 3: Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used to make ammonia and methanol. Ammonia is used to make the fertilizer urea and methanol is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.Synthesis gasmixturecarbon monoxidehydrogen ammoniamethanolfertilizerureamethanolchemical

8. Etymology The prefix "petro-" is an arbitrary abbreviation of the word "petroleum"; since "petro-" is Ancient Greek for "rock" and "oleum" means "oil".Ancient Greek

9. Flow chart

12. Products from petroleum Petrochemicals Polymers & Fibers Petroleum Chemicals Healthcare

13. Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organismfuelsanaerobic decompositionorganism The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years. The fossil fuels, which contain high percentages of carbon, include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.carboncoal petroleumnatural gas

14. Energy Information Administration that in 2007 primary sources of energy consisted of petroleum 36.0%, coal 27.4%, natural gas 23.0%, amounting to an 86.4% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the worldEnergy Information Administration

16. The world consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km³) of oil per yearbarrels

17. OIL REFINERY

18. REFINING OF PETROLEUM

20. Major products Liquified petroleum gas (LPG)Liquified petroleum gas Gasoline (also known as petrol)Gasoline Naphtha Kerosene and related jet aircraft fuelsKerosenejet aircraft fuels Diesel fuel Fuel oils Lubricating oils Paraffin wax Asphalt and tarAsphalttar Petroleum coke

21. ProductGallons per Barrel gasoline19.4 diesel & home heating oil9.7 kerosene-type jet fuel4.3 residual fuel oil1.9 liquefied refinery gases1.9 still gas1.8 coke2.0 asphalt and road oil1.4 petrochemical feedstock1.1 lubricants0.5 kerosene0.2 other0.4 1 BARREL=42 GALLONS=159 LTRES