2. Note NaCl calculation 22.99 sodium 35.45 chloride http://iwastesomuchtime.com/on/?i=69893 http://www.onegreenplanet.org/vegan-food/5- ridiculous-myths-about-cows-milk/ http://saveourbones.com/osteoporosis-milk-myth

3. Note Wide range of allicin in caps 2,500-4,500 mcg of allicin per gram of fresh weight garlic. One fresh garlic clove weighs 2-4 g

4. Please watch your CBU emails for an invitation from CBU regarding the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE)-survey is for first and senior students. Lecture 8a 24 February 2014 A few comments about diabetes, atherosclerosis and hypertension

5. ENERGY – intake relative to energy expenditure with obtention of a normal BMI being the objective-this helps with preventing and managing diabetes, atherosclerosis and hypertension Protein 0.8 g/kg bw/day in healthy sedentary to moderately active persons -reduces renal stress Carbohydrate- emphasis on complex carbohydrate like whole grains for the grains portion of the diet- assist in weight loss and hence management of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and hypertension

6. Sodium –Canadian Hypertension Society current recommendation for all healthy adults is now 2000 mg/day or about one teaspoon- reduced sodium intake lowers B.P. (sodium draws water into the vasculature thus increasing water volume and B.P. (sodium also has a minor impact on water viscosity). Canadians on average consume about 3400 mg of sodium each day. Lipids- reduce dietary saturated and trans-fats and increase oleic and polyunsaturated to improve the dyslipidemia (low HDL-c and high triglycerides concentrations in blood serum or plasma)-prevents and manages hypertension and atherosclerosis and manages type 2 diabetes.

7. Dietary Sodium Program Hypertension Canada Updated March 2011 Hypertension Canada - 2011

8. Hypertension Canada - 2010 Reducing your intake of salt or sodium may help you prevent high blood pressure. 1 True

9. 2 You may be at greater risk of developing hypertension from high dietary sodium if you are over 45 years old. Hypertension Canada - 2010

10. 3 Most of the sodium consumed by Canadians is from salt added at the table. False Hypertension Canada - 2010

11. Adults should aim to eat less than 2,300 mg of sodium a day. 4 True Hypertension Canada - 2010

12. The Nutrition Facts table tells you the number of milligrams (mg) of sodium in the whole package of food. 5 False Hypertension Canada - 2010

13. “Instant“ packaged foods, fast foods and restaurant meals generally have a very high sodium content. 6 True Hypertension Canada - 2010

14. Food has no flavour without salt. 7 False Hypertension Canada - 2010

15. You can tell what foods are high in salt because they taste salty. 8 False Hypertension Canada - 2010

16. If I cut down on salt my body won't have enough. 9 False Hypertension Canada - 2010

17. To lower blood pressure… Eating a low sodium, well balanced diet can be as effective as taking a blood pressure medication. 10 True Hypertension Canada - 2010

18. I would know if I have high blood pressure. 11 False Hypertension Canada - 2010

19. Gourmet or sea salt is better for you than table salt. 12 False Hypertension Canada - 2010

20. Following a low-sodium diet could reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke by up to 25-30%. 13 True Hypertension Canada - 2010

21. Most Canadian children and youth have sodium intakes that are too high. 14 True Hypertension Canada - 2010

22. ½ cup of tomato juice contains 40 times more sodium than one fresh tomato. 15 True Hypertension Canada - 2010

23. My blood pressure is good so I don’t have to worry about my sodium intake. 16 False Hypertension Canada - 2010

24. How well did your group do? Hypertension Canada - 2010

25. Sodium Savvy - Answers  10-16 Answers Correct –Congratulations! You’re Sodium Savvy!  5-10 Answers Correct –Good job! Keep reading those nutrition labels.  0-5 Answers Correct –Oh oh! Please visit www.sodium101.cawww.sodium101.ca – www.hypertension.cawww.hypertension.ca Hypertension Canada - 2010

26. For your patients – ask them to sign up at www.hypertension.ca for free access to the latest information & resources on hypertension. www.hypertension.ca For health care professionals – sign up at www.hypertension.ca for automatic updates on current hypertension educational resources.www.hypertension.ca Hypertension Canada - 2010

27. Sodium, a silent additive Hypertension Canada - 2010

28. Most of the sodium in our diet comes from processed food! 12% natural content of foods “Hidden“ sodium: 77% from processing of food –manufacturing and restaurants “Conscious“ sodium: 11% added at the table (5%) and in cooking (6%) J Am College of Nutrition 1991;10:383-93 77% 12% 11%

29. Major food group contributors to sodium intake Health Reports, Vol. 18, No 2, May 2007 Some of these foods are high in sodium but consumed in lower amounts, like processed meats and gravies and sauces, while others are lower in sodium but are eaten in higher amounts, like breads. 4% 5% 4% 6% 7% 9% 14% 4%