2. The Endocrine System 8
Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs Lesson 8.3: Endocrine Disorders and Diseases

3. Functions and Control of the Endocrine System
Chapter 8: The Endocrine System
Lesson 8.1
Functions and Control of the Endocrine System

4. Functions and Control of the Endocrine System
anatomy of the endocrine system
hormones
hormone secretion control

5. Anatomy of the Endocrine System
endocrine glands
hormones
secrete directly into bloodstream
exocrine glands
secrete through a duct

6. Hormones steroid hormones–lipid-based
amino acid hormones–protein-based
hormone receptors
upregulated–increased
downregulated–decreased

7. Hormone Secretion Control
neural control
epinephrine
hormonal control
hypothalamic-releasing hormone
humoral control
glucagon

8. Hormone Secretion Control

9. Hormones and Homeostasis
negative feedback
mechanism that reverses a condition that has exceeded the normal homeostatic range to restore homeostasis

10. The Hypothalamus
helps regulates body temperature

11. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. Endocrine glands secrete hormones.
2. Endocrine glands have ducts.
3. Steroid hormones are proteins.
4. Hormone receptors can only be upregulated.
5. Glucagon is under humoral control.

12. Major Endocrine Organs
Chapter 8: The Endocrine System
Lesson 8.2
Major Endocrine Organs

13. Major Endocrine Organs

14. The Hypothalamus helps regulate metabolism heart rate energy level
body temperature
thirst

15. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

16. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
prolactin (PRO)
growth of mammary glands
milk production in a nursing mother
growth hormone (GH)
growth of bone and muscles

17. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
release of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
release of T4 and T3 from thyroid gland

18. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
in females
estrogen production
egg production
in males
sperm production
luteinizing hormone (LH)
ovulation
testosterone

19. Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
antidiuretic hormone
acts on kidney, decreases urine output
oxytocin
acts on uterus, causes contractions
acts on breast, causes secretion of milk

20. Major Endocrine Glands
thyroid gland
thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3
controls rate of metabolism
calcitonin
removes calcium from blood, puts into bones
parathyroid gland
parathyroid hormone
removes calcium from bones, puts into blood

21. Major Endocrine Glands
thymus gland
thymosin
development of immune system
pineal gland
melatonin
produces sleepiness

22. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

23. Adrenal Glands adrenal medulla adrenal cortex
epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenaline rush
adrenal cortex
mineralocorticoids
aldosterone
sodium and water reabsorbed in kidneys
glucocorticoids
cortisone and cortisol
promote gluconeogenesis
sex hormones
estrogen and androgens
maintains sexual characteristics

24. Adrenal Glands

25. Pancreas islets of Langerhans alpha cells beta cells glucagon
increase blood glucose level
beta cells
insulin
decrease blood glucose level

26. Gonads testes ovaries testosterone estrogen sperm production
secondary sexual characteristics
progesterone
menstrual cycle

27. Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: ADH, thyroxine, thymosin, or adrenal cortex. 1. The thymus gland produces _______________. 2. The posterior pituitary gland produces oxytocin and _______________. 3. Mineralocorticoids are produced by the _______________. 4. T4 is also called _______________.

28. Endocrine Disorders and Diseases
Chapter 8: The Endocrine System
Lesson 8.3
Endocrine Disorders and Diseases

29. Endocrine Disorders and Diseases
pituitary disorders
thyroid disorders
disorders of the parathyroid gland
adrenal medulla disorders
disorders of the adrenal cortex
the pancreas and diabetes mellitus

30. Pituitary Disorders hyperfunction hypofunction
acromegaly, or gigantism
hypofunction
dwarfism
diabetes insipidus

31. Thyroid Disorders hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism goiter Graves disease
myxedema
neonatal hypothyroidism

32. Endocrine Disorders and Diseases
disorders of the parathyroid gland
hypercalcemia
hypocalcemia
adrenal medulla disorders
pheochromcytoma

33. Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
Cushing syndrome
hypersecretion of cortisol
Addison’s disease
hyposecretion of adrenal corticoid hormones

34. The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus
symptoms of diabetes mellitus
polyuria
excessive urination
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyphagia
increased hunger

35. The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus
type I diabetes mellitus
juvenile-onset
type II diabetes mellitus
adult-onset
insulin resistance
hyperglycemia

36. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: dwarfism, Cushing syndrome, goiter, polyuria. 1. a result of pituitary hypofunction 2. excessive urination 3. hypersecretion of cortisol 4. a result of hyperthyroidism