2. The Great Triumvirate Clay, Calhoun, & Webster

3. Henry Clay 1777 - Born in Hanover County, VA 1797 - moved to Lexington, KY 1806 – 1807 - U.S. Senate 1810 – 1811 - U.S. Senate 1811 –1814 - Speaker of the House negotiated Treaty of Ghent 1815 – 1825 Speaker of the House American System Missouri Compromise 1825 - 1829 Sec. of State for J.Q. Adams 1831 – 1842 - U.S. Senate created the compromise tariff to end the Nullification Crisis 1849 – 1852 - U.S. Senate Compromise of 1850 1824, 1832, 1844 – Ran for President “I’d rather be right than president” - Henry Clay “The Great Compromiser”

4. John C. Calhoun 1782 - Born in in Abbeville, S.C. 1811 – 1817 - House of Representatives – Member of War Hawks who called for war with Britain in 1812. 1817-1825 Sec. of War for James Monroe – sought censure of Andrew Jackson for overstepping his authority by invading Spanish Florida in 1818 1825 – 1829 - Vice-President for J.Q. Adams 1829 – 1832 - Vice-President for Jackson – issued Doctrine of Nullification, resigns in Dec 1832 1832 – 1843 - U.S. Senate 1844 – 1845 - Secretary of State for Tyler – Completed the annexation of Texas 1845 – 1850 - U.S. Senate – Compromise of 1850 argued to support slavery and the rights of slave holders; died before the final votes on the parts of the Compromise make it law. “In looking back, I see nothing to regret and little to correct.” - John C. Calhoun “Champion of States’ Rights”

5. Daniel Webster 1782 - Born in Salisbury, New Hampshire 1813 – 1817 - House of Representatives 1816 - 1823 - Lawyer in Boston, MA – 1819 – McCulloch vs. Maryland defended the Bank of the U.S. and won – 1824 – Gibbons vs. Ogden defended Gibbons and supported the idea that transportation is part of commerce 1823 – 1827 - House of Representatives 1827 – 1841 – U.S. Senate – spoke against nullification in the Webster- Hayne Debates 1836 – Ran for President 1841 – 1843 – Sec. of State for Tyler – Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842, settled the boundary between Maine and Canada 1845 – 1850 - U.S. Senate – supported the Compromise of 1850 against the wishes of his supporters 1850 – 1852 – Sec. of State for Fillmore “Defender of the Union” “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable” – Daniel Webster

6. llll Between 1812 and 1850 had more impact on American government than any three politicians in American history. None were ever elected president They left a lasting legacy on American politics – More than the presidents of their day could match. The Great Triumvirate Henry ClayJohn C Calhoun Daniel Webster

8.  Country pulled into 3 sections Northeast, South, & West  Regions argued over 3 major economic issues Public land sale Internal improvements Tariffs

9.  Congress passed a high tariff in 1828 (under JQA) Proposed by Martin van Buren Proposed by Martin van Buren  South hated it They were forced to sell cotton @ low prices to be competitive They were forced to sell cotton @ low prices to be competitive Pay high prices for manufactured goods Pay high prices for manufactured goods  Southern Congressman proposed the doctrine of nullification Alien and Sedition acts as the model Alien and Sedition acts as the model

10. Nullification debate grew in the U.S. Senate: Webster-Hayne Debate Vice-President John C. Calhoun claimed “states should have final authority on whether to follow acts of Congress” He felt states had the right to judge if a law is constitutional Congressmen from South Carolina defended & promoted secession

11. South hoped for Jackson’s support since he was a supporter of states’ rights Jackson opposed nullification but wanted to save the Union South Carolina passed the Nullification Act and continued to threaten secession “Yes I have; please give my compliments to my friends in your State and say to them, that if a single drop of blood shall be shed there in opposition to the laws of the United States, I will hang the first man I can lay my hand on engaged in such treasonable conduct, upon the first tree I can reach.” “Our Federal Union: It must be preserved.”

12.  Jackson left Calhoun off his ticket in the 1832 election Chose Martin van Buren as his Vice President Chose Martin van Buren as his Vice President  Jackson passed the Force Bill The President could use force to enforce acts of Congress The President could use force to enforce acts of Congress  Henry Clay proposed a smaller compromise tariff in the Senate Congress passed it and S.C. accepted the new tariff Congress passed it and S.C. accepted the new tariff