1. Chapter 22, Section 3 The Radical stage of the revolution
The French Revolution
Chapter 22, Section 3
The Radical stage of the revolution

2. After the Constitution of 1791…
The bourgeoisie had brought about many changes during the first phase of the revolution
Ended special privileges, limited the king’s powers
Some people felt the revolution had gone too far...but some felt that it had not gone far enough.
What followed is now described as the second stage, or the radical stage of the revolution.

3. The Royal family flees...
Marie Antoinette makes plans for their escape to the Austrian Netherlands.
They attempt to flee June 20, 1791.
Arrested and forced to return to Paris.
King Louis XVI lost any remaining support that he had from the people of France.

4. The Sans-culottes…
After the King tries to flee, radicals want France to become a republic.
Many urban workers became radicals
Among these radicals are the sans-culottes
Wage earners and small shopkeepers
So far, the urban workers had gained fewer benefits than the bourgeoisie and the peasants.
They wanted more control in the government, high wages, lower food prices, and an end to food shortages.
Some bourgeoisie saw this as a threat, others capitalized on the opportunity to become leaders of the radicals.

5. War with Austria and Prussia…
The French worried that Austria might help the émigrés start a counterrevolution and bring back the Old Regime
They decided to strike first – declared war on Austria
Prussia joined Austria and they both invaded France
During the war, a new, radical government took over – the Commune

6. Execution… The Commune had the king arrested
They also got rid of the National Assembly and created the National Convention
All adult males could vote for the national convention – not just taxpayers
The National Convention felt that the king and his family were traitors and a threat to the revolution
They voted to have the king executed by guillotine
Marie Antoinette was executed a few months later

7. Back to the war…
The war started to go better for France – they kicked out the Prussians and Austrians
They invaded Austrian Netherlands
Other countries got nervous
Britain and Spain joined with Austria and Prussia
Now France was being overwhelmed and food was running out

8. Jacobins and Girondists…
Two factions within the National Convention
Jacobin – More radical, led by Robespierre
Girondist – More moderate
Both groups led by members of the Bourgeiosie
Jacobins used the crisis in France as an excuse to have Girondist leaders arrested
Jacobins created the Committee of Public Safety

9. Dictatorial Government…
Committee of Public Safety had almost unlimited power
Robespierre was its leader
Their job was to feed the hungry, stop enemy troops, and get rid of opponents of the government
They created a draft to build up France’s army
They created the largest army in the history of the world – over 1 million soldiers

10. The Reign of Terror…
Robespierre and the Jacobins decide to get rid of anyone who criticizes their government
They begin jailing and executing people
Committee of Public Safety executes between 20,000 and 40,000 people
The trials were a unjust – No proof was needed to sentence someone to death; just a rumor was enough to get the guillotine
When the French realized they had gone too far, they blamed Robespierre
Robespierre was executed on July 28, 1794

11. After Robespierre…
The reign of terror ended and the Jacobins were driven from power
A new government called the Directory was created
Made up of five men
Mostly represented the Bourgeoisie
They were a weak government
Ruled for about five years – until the end of the French Revolution