1. Internal Membrane System Division II By Ann, Alex W., Alex O., and Taylor

2. Three Parts of The Internal Membrane System DII ● Golgi Apparatus/Vacuoles ● Lysosomes ● Peroxisomes

3. Golgi Apparatus ●receives proteins and lipids(fats) from the rough endoplasmic reticulum ●modifies, sorts, and packs these materials into sealed droplets called vesicles ●the vesicles are then sent into the lysosomes, plasma membrane, or outside the cell ●found in plants and animals

4. Vacuoles ●in plants and animals(much smaller in animals) ●membrane-enclosed fluid filled sac ●main functions: ○ make plants rigid by using water to develop hydrostatic pressure ○ store nutrient and non-nutrient chemicals ○ processing and storage of waste products ○ help in cell elongation

5. Why are they important? ●without the Golgi Apparatus, cells would not be able to properly use biochemicals ○insulin ○digestive enzymes ○pectin ●plants need vacuoles because they don’t have a well-developed excretory system ●plants store their chemicals(such as petal pigments) in vacuoles ○these chemicals can deter predators or attract pollinators to plants ●vacuoles store food material for the next generation, which is especially important in plants that don’t germinate right away(ex. tubers, rhizomes, and bulbs)

6. Lysosomes- Little Enzyme Packages ●Lysosomes are single-membrane bounded organelles found mainly in animal eukaryotic cells. ●They hold enzymes proteins which are created in the rough ER. ●The purpose of a Lysosome is to break down/digest macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, food), repair cell membranes and respond against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens. ●Lysosomes can be found floating in the cytoplasm until they are needed. If there is nothing to digest or break down, lysosomes will actually digest the cell organelles for nutrients.

7. Why are they important? ●Lysosomes consume worn out structures in the cell and fight off bacteria/viruses keeping the organelle safe. ●Since lysosomes break down and digest unwanted substances, they are necessary in getting rid of waste. ●If a cell did not have lysosomes, it would potentially starve, since Lysosomes contain enzymes important for digesting nutrients. ●Without them it could lead to LSD (Lysosomal Storage Disease) or death.

8. Lysosomes Summary

9. Peroxisomes ● peroxisomes are single membrane organelles that does not produce DNA or enzymes. ● All enzymes are imported into the organelle to break down things that are toxic to the entire cell and the organelle. ● Synthesizes cholesterol, bile acids, and lipids for the myelin sheath. ● Breaks down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide. ● They are also referred to as microbodies.

10. Why are they important? ●The lipids for the myelin sheath are needed to basically function. the disorder for not having these lipids is X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy and its the disease the boy in lorenzo's oil has. ●Also if it were not to break down the acids and hydrogen peroxide than these would become very toxic to the cell and start damaging it.

11. Sources ●http://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/golgi-apparatus/http://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/golgi-apparatus/ ●http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/proeu/images/12204b.jpghttp://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/proeu/images/12204b.jpg ●https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cell-structure-4/the- endomembrane-system-and-proteins-61/lysosomes-321-11457/https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cell-structure-4/the- endomembrane-system-and-proteins-61/lysosomes-321-11457/ ●http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_lysosome.htmlhttp://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_lysosome.html ●http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/endoplasmic-reticulum-golgi-apparatus-and-lysosomes-14053361http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/endoplasmic-reticulum-golgi-apparatus-and-lysosomes-14053361