1. Barriers, facilitators, disparities and consequences for people from minority ethnic groups accessing prehospital care: systematic review and narrative synthesis European Congress on Emergency Medicine, Amsterdam, 29 th September 2014 Viet-Hai Phung 1 Karen Windle 1 Marishona Ortega 1 Nadya Essam 2 Mukesh Barot 2 Joe Kai 3 Mark Johnson 4 Niro Siriwardena 1 2 1 University of Lincoln 2 East Midlands Ambulance Service 3 University of Nottingham 4 De Montfort University

2. Introduction Research on inequalities has focused mainly on primary care; less so on prehospital care. Systematic review to explore the: –Barriers and facilitators to delivering quality prehospital care to minority ethnic patients; and –Causes and consequences of those differences. CaHRU@lincoln.ac.uk

3. Data extraction process Design data extraction tool Search 16 databases using terms in data extraction tool 442 publications selected for analysis 24 studies included 13 full-text articles filtered out after analysis 181 studies included overall 418 articles screened out (including 14 duplicates) CaHRU@lincoln.ac.uk 11 studies included overall

4. Results and Discussion Main emergent themes: Knowledge of healthcare systems; Cultural competency; –stereotypical provider behaviour can deter minority ethnic groups from using prehospital care. Language and communication; Evidence of poorer health outcomes –minority ethnic patients can delay seeking treatment due to discriminatory past experiences; and Socioeconomic factors. CaHRU@lincoln.ac.uk

5. Conclusion Link between deprivation and ill-health. Disparities in minority ethnic health outcomes, linked to delays in seeking treatment. Scarcity and inconsistent application of ethnicity data can create a mismatch between service provision and need. Further studies to investigate barriers and facilitators to prehospital care in UK and Continental Europe among minority ethnic groups. CaHRU@lincoln.ac.uk

6. Thank you CaHRU@lincoln.ac.uk