1. Propaganda Information that is spread to influence the way people think, often to gain support for a cause May twist facts and use generalizations to sell readers on an idea (to convince them to agree with the writer) Highly persuasive Common in politics and advertising.

2. Recognizing Propaganda Techniques The 7 Main Techniques are: Bandwagon Bandwagon Card Stacking Card Stacking Glittering Generalities Glittering Generalities Name Calling Name Calling Plain Folks Plain Folks Testimonial Testimonial Transfer Transfer

3. A few more propaganda techniques… Facts & Figures Facts & Figures Hidden Fears Hidden Fears Repetition Repetition Snob Appeal Snob Appeal Unfinished Comparisons Unfinished Comparisons Weasel Words or Empty Phrases Weasel Words or Empty Phrases

4. Bandwagon  Convincing us to accept someone or something because of its popularity  Invites you to join the crowd…  Everybody’s doing it!

5. Card Stacking Presenting only selective facts that are favorable to the desired outcome (ex: choosing a certain product or candidate) and deliberately omitting facts that are unfavorable

6. Glittering Generalities  Telling only positive things about something or someone, without giving evidence or facts-- including “glittering words” to promote a person or product  “Glittering” because it’s falsely attractive

7. Name - Calling   Using negative words to turn you against a competing person without giving evidence or facts   Usually used in politics, but can be used in advertising as well

8. Plain Folks   Trying to show that a person or product is good for “ordinary” people, because a person is “just like you” and understands you

9. Testimonial   Using a famous person (athlete, celebrity, TV personality, movie star, etc.) to try to make you buy or support something or someone

10. Transfer   Using prestige, authority, or some other virtue, like patriotism, to transfer that respect to some person or product

11. Patriotism  Purchase will display love of country.  Person will financially help the country. … built American tough

12. Slogan  A catchword or phrase loaded with emotion  Often sells through repetition  Clever and easy to remember  Stays with you a long time  Often a melody you already know “ Trust Sleepy’s For the ‘rest’ Of your life”

13. Scapegoat  A person carrying the blame for others  Retreats to prejudice rather than reason  Mostly used in the political arena  Wins audience through association or sympathy

14. Engaging Techniques:  Wit and Humor – diverts audience and gives a reason to laugh often through the use of clever visuals and/or language.  Rewards – bonus awarded to consumer for purchase. (Toys, gimmicks, rebates, free payment, etc.)

15. More Types REPETITION – Repeating a catch phrase, name, or slogan over and over in the same advertisement Clever and easy to remember Stays with you a long time FACTS & FIGURES – Using tests, statistics or information that sounds “scientific” to prove that one product or person is better than another HIDDEN FEARS – Suggesting that a person or product will protect you against something unpleasant or dangerous

16. More Types SNOB APPEAL – Suggesting that association with a person or product can make you special Aims to flatter Opposite of “Plain Folks” UNFINISHED COMPARISONS Comparing a product or person to another, without providing the other half of the comparison. WEASEL WORDS/EMPTY PHRASES Using broad promises or phrases that don’t really mean anything; meant to be sneaky or vague