TEN STEPS to ADVANCED READING

TEN STEPS to ADVANCED READING
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TEN STEPS to ADVANCED READING
SECOND EDITION TEN STEPS to ADVANCED READING John Langan © Townsend Press

Chapter 2 SUPPORTING DETAILS

What Are Supporting Details?
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details What Are Supporting Details? Supporting details are reasons, examples, facts, steps, or other kinds of evidence that explain a main idea. See page 63 in textbook

In this cartoon, what is the speaker’s main idea?
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details What Are Supporting Details? See page 63 in textbook ANSWER: reading the morning paper is bad for the man’s health In this cartoon, what is the speaker’s main idea? The main idea is that reading the morning paper is bad for the man’s health.

CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details
What Are Supporting Details? See page 63 in textbook The supporting reasons are that the political news raises his blood pressure, the business report makes him depressed, and the sports page makes him mad.

What Are Supporting Details? Supporting Reasons Eight million more women than men are of voting age, and more women than men vote in U.S. national elections. However, men greatly outnumber women in political office. Since 1789, over 1,800 men have served in the U.S. Senate, but only 13 women have served. Women are underrepresented in U.S. politics for a number of reasons. First, women are still underrepresented in law and business, the careers from which most politicians emerge. In addition, most women find that the irregular hours kept by those who run for office are incompatible with their role as mother. Fathers, in contrast, whose ordinary roles are more likely to take them away from home, are less likely to feel this conflict. Last, preferring to hold on to their positions of power, men have been reluctant to incorporate women into centers of decision-making or to present them as viable candidates. See page 64 in textbook In the paragraph above, the main idea is that women are underrepresented in U.S. politics In the paragraph above, the main idea is that women are underrepresented in U.S. politics. Read the paragraph and try to identify the three major details that support this main idea.

What is the third major detail? What is the first major detail?
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details What Are Supporting Details? / Supporting Reasons What is the third major detail? What is the first major detail? What is the second major detail? Eight million more women than men are of voting age, and more women than men vote in U.S. national elections. However, men greatly outnumber women in political office. Since 1789, over 1,800 men have served in the U.S. Senate, but only 13 women have served. Women are underrepresented in U.S. politics for a number of reasons. First, women are still underrepresented in law and business, the careers from which most politicians emerge. In addition, most women find that the irregular hours kept by those who run for office are incompatible with their role as mother. Fathers, in contrast, whose ordinary roles are more likely to take them away from home, are less likely to feel this conflict. Last, preferring to hold on to their positions of power, men have been reluctant to incorporate women into centers of decision-making or to present them as viable candidates. See page 64 in textbook The answer is shown in the next animation. Main idea: Women are underrepresented in U.S. politics. Supporting detail 1: Women are still underrepresented in law and business, the usual starting place for politicians. Supporting detail 2: A politician’s hours are incompatible with the role of a mother. Supporting detail 3: Men have been reluctant to give women power.

What Are Supporting Details? / Supporting Reasons Eight million more women than men are of voting age, and more women than men vote in U.S. national elections. However, men greatly outnumber women in political office. Since 1789, over 1,800 men have served in the U.S. Senate, but only 13 women have served. Women are underrepresented in U.S. politics for a number of reasons. First, women are still underrepresented in law and business, the careers from which most politicians emerge. In addition, most women find that the irregular hours kept by those who run for office are incompatible with their role as mother. Fathers, in contrast, whose ordinary roles are more likely to take them away from home, are less likely to feel this conflict. Last, preferring to hold on to their positions of power, men have been reluctant to incorporate women into centers of decision-making or to present them as viable candidates. 1 2 3 See page 64 in textbook In this paragraph, the three supporting details are reasons women are underrepresented in U.S. politics.

What Are Supporting Details? Supporting Facts Several factors contribute to our pickiness about eating certain foods. One factor which influences what foods we find tasty is how old we are. In young people, taste buds die and are replaced about every seven days. As we age, the buds are replaced more slowly, so taste declines. Thus children, who have abundant taste buds, often dislike foods with strong or unusual tastes, but as they grow older and lose taste buds, they may come to like these foods. Pickiness is also related to our upbringing. Many food and taste preferences result from childhood experiences and cultural influences. For example, Chinese children eat chicken feet as part of their normal diet, whereas American children consider such food “yucky.” A third factor relating to pickiness over food is our built-in sense of taste, which enables us to discriminate between foods that are safe to eat and foods that are poisonous. Because most plants that taste bitter contain toxic chemicals, we are more likely to survive if we avoid bitter-tasting plants. We have a preference, then, for sweet foods because they are generally nonpoisonous. See page 65 in textbook The next slide shows the three factors. In the paragraph above, the main idea is supported by facts, not reasons. In the paragraph above, the main idea is supported by facts, not reasons. Read the paragraph and try to identify the separate factors that contribute to our pickiness about eating certain foods (the main idea).

1) our age and how it affects our taste buds; 2) our upbringing;
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details What Are Supporting Details? / Supporting Facts Several factors contribute to our pickiness about eating certain foods. One factor which influences what foods we find tasty is how old we are. In young people, taste buds die and are replaced about every seven days. As we age, the buds are replaced more slowly, so taste declines. Thus children, who have abundant taste buds, often dislike foods with strong or unusual tastes, but as they grow older and lose taste buds, they may come to like these foods. Pickiness is also related to our upbringing. Many food and taste preferences result from childhood experiences and cultural influences. For example, Chinese children eat chicken feet as part of their normal diet, whereas American children consider such food “yucky.” A third factor relating to pickiness over food is our built-in sense of taste, which enables us to discriminate between foods that are safe to eat and foods that are poisonous. Because most plants that taste bitter contain toxic chemicals, we are more likely to survive if we avoid bitter-tasting plants. We have a preference, then, for sweet foods because they are generally nonpoisonous. See page 65 in textbook There are three supporting facts for why we are picky about eating certain foods: 1) our age and how it affects our taste buds; 1 2) our upbringing; 2 3) our built-in sense of taste. 3

What Are Supporting Details? / Supporting Facts Several factors contribute to our pickiness about eating certain foods. One factor which influences what foods we find tasty is how old we are. In young people, taste buds die and are replaced about every seven days. As we age, the buds are replaced more slowly, so taste declines. Thus children, who have abundant taste buds, often dislike foods with strong or unusual tastes, but as they grow older and lose taste buds, they may come to like these foods. Pickiness is also related to our upbringing. Many food and taste preferences result from childhood experiences and cultural influences. For example, Chinese children eat chicken feet as part of their normal diet, whereas American children consider such food “yucky.” A third factor relating to pickiness over food is our built-in sense of taste, which enables us to discriminate between foods that are safe to eat and foods that are poisonous. Because most plants that taste bitter contain toxic chemicals, we are more likely to survive if we avoid bitter-tasting plants. We have a preference, then, for sweet foods because they are generally nonpoisonous. 1 2 3 See page 65 in textbook The supporting details (the facts) give the added information we need to fully understand the main idea.

Supporting Example(s)
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details What Are Supporting Details? Supporting Example(s) An old Chinese story illustrates the emotional healing power of touch. A woman went to a traditional herbal healer, asking for a potion to kill her cruel mother-in-law. The herbalist gave her some tea, telling her to make some for her mother-in-law every day for three months. In addition, he told her to massage the older woman every day, claiming that the poison would enter the woman’s system more effectively that way. At the end of the three months, the mother-in-law would die, apparently of natural causes. The daughter-in-law did as she was told. But at the end of two and a half months, she had come to know and understand her mother-in-law through giving her massage. In turn, her mother-in-law had started to love her. The young woman ran back to the wise old doctor to ask for an antidote to the poison. He told her the tea was not poison at all, only flower water. See page 66 in textbook The main idea is stated in the first sentence. The extended example starts in the second sentence. These are shown on the next slide. In this paragraph, the main idea is supported by an extended example. In this paragraph, the main idea is supported by an extended example. Read the paragraph and identify which sentence contains the main idea. Then identify which sentence starts the extended example.

The first sentence presents the main idea.
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details What Are Supporting Details? / Supporting Example(s) An old Chinese story illustrates the emotional healing power of touch. A woman went to a traditional herbal healer, asking for a potion to kill her cruel mother-in-law. The herbalist gave her some tea, telling her to make some for her mother-in-law every day for three months. In addition, he told her to massage the older woman every day, claiming that the poison would enter the woman’s system more effectively that way. At the end of the three months, the mother-in-law would die, apparently of natural causes. The daughter-in-law did as she was told. But at the end of two and a half months, she had come to know and understand her mother-in-law through giving her massage. In turn, her mother-in-law had started to love her. The young woman ran back to the wise old doctor to ask for an antidote to the poison. He told her the tea was not poison at all, only flower water. See page 66 in textbook The first sentence presents the main idea. The extended example starts in the second sentence and continues to the end of the paragraph.

Outlining Preparing an outline of a passage often helps you understand and see clearly the relationship between a main idea and its supporting details. See page 66 in textbook

Outlining Outlines start with a main idea (or a heading that summarizes the main idea) followed by supporting details. There are often two levels of supporting details—major and minor. The major details explain and develop the main idea. In turn, the minor details help fill out and make clear the major details. See page 66 in textbook

Here is the paragraph on gossip that you saw in Chapter 1.
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Outlining Social psychologists have found that almost everyone gossips. Male or female, young or old, blue-collar or professional, humans love to talk about one another. All too often, such gossip is viewed as a frivolous waste of time. However, it actually serves several important functions in the human community. For one thing, gossip is a form of networking. Talking with our friends and coworkers about each other is our most effective means of keeping track of the ever-changing social dynamic. It tells us who is in, who is out, and who can help us climb the social or professional ladder. A second function of gossip is the building of influence. When we engage in gossip, we are able to shape people’s opinions of ourselves. We tell stories that show ourselves in a good light—wise, compassionate, insightful, clever. A final and very powerful function of gossip is the creating of social alliances. There are few quicker ways to form a bond with another person than to share private information with him or her. To talk about a third party, especially in a critical way, creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority. See page 67 in textbook The next slide shows the three supporting details. Here is the paragraph on gossip that you saw in Chapter 1. Reread the paragraph and pick out the three major supporting details.

Outlining Social psychologists have found that almost everyone gossips. Male or female, young or old, blue-collar or professional, humans love to talk about one another. All too often, such gossip is viewed as a frivolous waste of time. However, it actually serves several important functions in the human community. For one thing, gossip is a form of networking. Talking with our friends and coworkers about each other is our most effective means of keeping track of the ever-changing social dynamic. It tells us who is in, who is out, and who can help us climb the social or professional ladder. A second function of gossip is the building of influence. When we engage in gossip, we are able to shape people’s opinions of ourselves. We tell stories that show ourselves in a good light—wise, compassionate, insightful, clever. A final and very powerful function of gossip is the creating of social alliances. There are few quicker ways to form a bond with another person than to share private information with him or her. To talk about a third party, especially in a critical way, creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority. 1 2 3 See page 67 in textbook

Outlining Social psychologists have found that almost everyone gossips. Male or female, young or old, blue-collar or professional, humans love to talk about one another. All too often, such gossip is viewed as a frivolous waste of time. However, it actually serves several important functions in the human community. For one thing, gossip is a form of networking. Talking with our friends and coworkers about each other is our most effective means of keeping track of the ever-changing social dynamic. It tells us who is in, who is out, and who can help us climb the social or professional ladder. A second function of gossip is the building of influence. When we engage in gossip, we are able to shape people’s opinions of ourselves. We tell stories that show ourselves in a good light—wise, compassionate, insightful, clever. A final and very powerful function of gossip is the creating of social alliances. There are few quicker ways to form a bond with another person than to share private information with him or her. To talk about a third party, especially in a critical way, creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority. 1 2 3 See page 67 in textbook To outline this paragraph, these are the items you would include as the main idea and the major supporting details.

3. Creating of social alliances
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Outlining Social psychologists have found that almost everyone gossips. Male or female, young or old, blue-collar or professional, humans love to talk about one another. All too often, such gossip is viewed as a frivolous waste of time. However, it actually serves several important functions in the human community. For one thing, gossip is a form of networking. Talking with our friends and coworkers about each other is our most effective means of keeping track of the ever-changing social dynamic. It tells us who is in, who is out, and who can help us climb the social or professional ladder. A second function of gossip is the building of influence. When we engage in gossip, we are able to shape people’s opinions of ourselves. We tell stories that show ourselves in a good light—wise, compassionate, insightful, clever. A final and very powerful function of gossip is the creating of social alliances. There are few quicker ways to form a bond with another person than to share private information with him or her. To talk about a third party, especially in a critical way, creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority. 1 2 3 Main idea: Gossip serves several important functions in the human community See pages 67 and 68 in textbook Major detail: 1. Form of networking Major detail: 2. Building of influence Major detail: 3. Creating of social alliances

Now look at the minor details. These can be added to the outline.
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Outlining Social psychologists have found that almost everyone gossips. Male or female, young or old, blue-collar or professional, humans love to talk about one another. All too often, such gossip is viewed as a frivolous waste of time. However, it actually serves several important functions in the human community. For one thing, gossip is a form of networking. Talking with our friends and coworkers about each other is our most effective means of keeping track of the ever-changing social dynamic. It tells us who is in, who is out, and who can help us climb the social or professional ladder. A second function of gossip is the building of influence. When we engage in gossip, we are able to shape people’s opinions of ourselves. We tell stories that show ourselves in a good light—wise, compassionate, insightful, clever. A final and very powerful function of gossip is the creating of social alliances. There are few quicker ways to form a bond with another person than to share private information with him or her. To talk about a third party, especially in a critical way, creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority. See pages 67 and 68 in textbook Now look at the minor details. These can be added to the outline.

3. Creating of social alliances Minor detail:
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Outlining Social psychologists have found that almost everyone gossips. Male or female, young or old, blue-collar or professional, humans love to talk about one another. All too often, such gossip is viewed as a frivolous waste of time. However, it actually serves several important functions in the human community. For one thing, gossip is a form of networking. Talking with our friends and coworkers about each other is our most effective means of keeping track of the ever-changing social dynamic. It tells us who is in, who is out, and who can help us climb the social or professional ladder. A second function of gossip is the building of influence. When we engage in gossip, we are able to shape people’s opinions of ourselves. We tell stories that show ourselves in a good light—wise, compassionate, insightful, clever. A final and very powerful function of gossip is the creating of social alliances. There are few quicker ways to form a bond with another person than to share private information with him or her. To talk about a third party, especially in a critical way, creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority. Main idea: Gossip serves several important functions in the human community See pages 67 and 68 in textbook Major detail: 1. Form of networking Minor detail: Networking is the best way to know who’s out, who’s in, and who can help us socially or professionally. Major detail: 2. Building of influence Minor detail: By gossiping we can impress others as clever and compassionate, warm and likable. Major detail: 3. Creating of social alliances Minor detail: Sharing private information creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority.

Outlining Notice that the outline of a passage helps you understand and see clearly the relationship between a main idea and its supporting details. Main idea: Gossip serves several important functions in the human community See pages 67 and 68 in textbook Major detail: 1. Form of networking Minor detail: Networking is the best way to know who’s out, who’s in, and who can help us socially or professionally. Major detail: 2. Building of influence Minor detail: By gossiping we can impress others as clever and compassionate, warm and likable. Major detail: 3. Creating of social alliances Minor detail: Sharing private information creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority.

Here are some common list words that you saw in Chapter 1:
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Outlining / Outlining Tips Outlining Tips TIP 1 Look for words that tell you a list of details is coming. TIP Here are some common list words that you saw in Chapter 1: List Words See page 68 in textbook Examples • However, it [gossip] actually serves several important functions in the human community. • Women are underrepresented in U.S. politics for a number of reasons.

TIP 1 Look for words that tell you a list of details is coming.
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Outlining / Outlining Tips TIP 1 Look for words that tell you a list of details is coming. TIP List Words See page 68 in textbook You will not always be given such helpful signals that a list of details will follow. However, you will want to note such words when they are present. They help you to understand quickly the basic organization of a passage.

Outlining / Outlining Tips TIP 2 Look for words that signal major details. TIP Such words are called addition words. Here are some common addition words: Addition Words See pages 68 and 69 in textbook

Look again at the selection on underrepresentation of women.
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Outlining / Outlining Tips TIP 2 Look for words that signal major details. TIP Look again at the selection on underrepresentation of women. Eight million more women than men are of voting age, and more women than men vote in U.S. national elections. However, men greatly outnumber women in political office. Since 1789, over 1,800 men have served in the U.S. Senate, but only 13 women have served. Women are underrepresented in U.S. politics for a number of reasons. First, women are still underrepresented in law and business, the careers from which most politicians emerge. In addition, most women find that the irregular hours kept by those who run for office are incompatible with their role as mother. Fathers, in contrast, whose ordinary roles are more likely to take them away from home, are less likely to feel this conflict. Last, preferring to hold on to their positions of power, men have been reluctant to incorporate women into centers of decision-making or to present them as viable candidates. Addition word First Addition words In addition Addition word See pages 68 and 69 in textbook ANSWERS: First, In addition, Last. These are shown in the animation that follows each question. Last, • Which word introduces the first major detail? First • Which words introduce the second major detail? In addition • Which word introduces the third major detail? Last

Outlining / Outlining Tips TIP 3 When making an outline, put all supporting details of equal importance at the same distance from the margin. TIP In the model outline below, the three major supporting details all begin at the same distance from the margin. Main idea 1. Major detail a. Minor detail b. Minor detail 2. Major detail 3. Major detail c. Minor detail See page 70 in textbook

Outlining / Outlining Tips TIP 3 When making an outline, put all supporting details of equal importance at the same distance from the margin. TIP Likewise, the minor supporting details are all indented at the same distance from the margin. Main idea 1. Major detail a. Minor detail b. Minor detail 2. Major detail 3. Major detail c. Minor detail See page 70 in textbook

Mapping Maps, or diagrams, are highly visual outlines in which circles, boxes, or other shapes show the relationships between main ideas and supporting details. See page 72 in textbook Each major detail is connected to the main idea, often presented in the form of a title. If minor details are included, each is connected to the major detail it explains.

Here is how you might create a map of the paragraph on gossip.
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Mapping Here is how you might create a map of the paragraph on gossip. Social psychologists have found that almost everyone gossips. Male or female, young or old, blue-collar or professional, humans love to talk about one another. All too often, such gossip is viewed as a frivolous waste of time. However, it actually serves several important functions in the human community. For one thing, gossip is a form of networking. Talking with our friends and coworkers about each other is our most effective means of keeping track of the ever-changing social dynamic. It tells us who is in, who is out, and who can help us climb the social or professional ladder. A second function of gossip is the building of influence. When we engage in gossip, we are able to shape people’s opinions of ourselves. We tell stories that show ourselves in a good light—wise, compassionate, insightful, clever. A final and very powerful function of gossip is the creating of social alliances. There are few quicker ways to form a bond with another person than to share private information with him or her. To talk about a third party, especially in a critical way, creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority. Main idea Major details Minor details See page 72 in textbook Gossip serves several important functions in the human community. Form of networking Building of influence Creating of social alliances Gossiping is the best way to know who’s out, who’s in, and who can help us socially or professionally. By gossiping we can impress others as clever and compassionate. Sharing private information creates a bond with our listener and gives a feeling of shared superiority.

There were four major social classes in Rome.
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Mapping Read this paragraph and decide what major details should be added to the map below. With the possible exception of very small, isolated, primitive groups, every human society has had some sort of class system. In ancient Rome, there were four major social classes. To begin with, at the top of the heap were the aristocrats, called “patricians.” This term derived from the word for father— pater—and is still sometimes used today; it also survives in the name Patricia. Second, as a practical matter if not in principle, were the soldiers, an enormously powerful group. One Roman emperor, on his deathbed, advised his son: “Enrich the soldiers; nothing else matters.” Next came the common people, called the plebeians. (This term too survives today: a freshman at a military academy is called a plebe.) The plebeians were artisans, shopkeepers, and laborers. Fourth, at the bottom, were slaves. They could work as domestic servants, manual laborers, and so on; but some slaves were educated and served as teachers. See page 73 in textbook ANSWERS: Aristocrats (patricians); Soldiers; Common people (plebeians); Slaves These answers are shown on the next slide. There were four major social classes in Rome.

Aristocrats(Patricians) Soldiers
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Mapping With the possible exception of very small, isolated, primitive groups, every human society has had some sort of class system. In ancient Rome, there were four major social classes. To begin with, at the top of the heap were the aristocrats, called “patricians.” This term derived from the word for father— pater—and is still sometimes used today; it also survives in the name Patricia. Second, as a practical matter if not in principle, were the soldiers, an enormously powerful group. One Roman emperor, on his deathbed, advised his son: “Enrich the soldiers; nothing else matters.” Next came the common people, called the plebeians. (This term too survives today: a freshman at a military academy is called a plebe.) The plebeians were artisans, shopkeepers, and laborers. Fourth, at the bottom, were slaves. They could work as domestic servants, manual laborers, and so on; but some slaves were educated and served as teachers. aristocrats soldiers common people slaves See page 73 in textbook Aristocrats(Patricians) Soldiers There were four major social classes in Rome. Common people (Plebeians) Slaves

Notice that addition words introduce the major details.
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Mapping Notice that addition words introduce the major details. With the possible exception of very small, isolated, primitive groups, every human society has had some sort of class system. In ancient Rome, there were four major social classes. To begin with, at the top of the heap were the aristocrats, called “patricians.” This term derived from the word for father— pater—and is still sometimes used today; it also survives in the name Patricia. Second, as a practical matter if not in principle, were the soldiers, an enormously powerful group. One Roman emperor, on his deathbed, advised his son: “Enrich the soldiers; nothing else matters.” Next came the common people, called the plebeians. (This term too survives today: a freshman at a military academy is called a plebe.) The plebeians were artisans, shopkeepers, and laborers. Fourth, at the bottom, were slaves. They could work as domestic servants, manual laborers, and so on; but some slaves were educated and served as teachers. See page 73 in textbook Aristocrats(Patricians) Soldiers There were four major social classes in Rome. Common people (Plebeians) Slaves

Summarizing A summary is the reduction of a large amount of information to its most important points. As a general guideline, a paragraph might be reduced to a sentence or two, an article might be reduced to a paragraph, and a textbook chapter might be reduced to about three pages of notes. See page 76 in textbook

Summarizing One of the most common types of summarizing occurs when you are taking study notes on textbook material. Very often you will find it helpful to summarize examples of key terms. See page 76 in textbook

Summarizing Read the textbook passage below. Habituation is the tendency to ignore environmental factors that remain constant. The brain seems “prewired” to pay more attention to changes in the environment than to stimuli that remain constant. Have you ever gotten a new clock and thought it had a very loud tick, but in a short time you realized you weren’t aware of its ticking at all? This happens because you become habituated to the regularity of the sound. If the sound changed every few minutes, you would notice every change because you would not have enough time to become habituated each time. High-end car security systems take advantage of this. When activated, the security system begins with a siren, which then changes to honking, then back to a siren, and so forth, so that it is impossible to habituate to the noise and ignore the alarm. These types of alarms are annoying, but effective. Now read this summary of the passage. Summary See page 76 in textbook Habituation—the tendency to ignore environmental factors that remain constant. For example, you will lose awareness of the ticking of a new clock. Note that a textbook definition of a key term (such as habituation) should generally not be summarized, but should be worded in the language chosen by the author.

Summarizing Habituation is the tendency to ignore environmental factors that remain constant. The brain seems “prewired” to pay more attention to changes in the environment than to stimuli that remain constant. Have you ever gotten a new clock and thought it had a very loud tick, but in a short time you realized you weren’t aware of its ticking at all? This happens because you become habituated to the regularity of the sound. If the sound changed every few minutes, you would notice every change because you would not have enough time to become habituated each time. High-end car security systems take advantage of this. When activated, the security system begins with a siren, which then changes to honking, then back to a siren, and so forth, so that it is impossible to habituate to the noise and ignore the alarm. These types of alarms are annoying, but effective. 67 words Summary See page 76 in textbook Habituation—the tendency to ignore environmental factors that remain constant. For example, you will lose awareness of the ticking of a new clock. 13 words On the other hand, it usually makes sense to summarize the supporting information.

Summarizing often involves two steps:
CHAPTER 2 Supporting Details Summarizing Summarizing often involves two steps: 1 Select one example from several that might be given. 2 Condense the example if it’s not already very brief. See pages 76 and 77 in textbook

See page 80 in textbook

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