1. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 20061 Expectations for Femtoscopy at the LHC Mike Lisa Ohio State University

2. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 20062 Outline Femtoscopic expectations @ LHC NNUS: systematic extrapolation of multiplicity systematic naïve CGC HRM: microscopic hadronic rescattering model hydro scales shapes p+p Pythia (+HRM, jets) Black holes Summary Some foci of the experimental program

3. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 20063 Baseline: 20-year-old systematic program Pion HBT @ Bevalac: “largely confirming nuclear dimensions” Since 90’s: increasingly detailed understanding and study w/ high stats y |b| pTpT

4. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 20064 R(√S NN, b, N part, A, B, y, m T, , PID)

5. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 20065 R(√S NN, b, N part, A, B, y, m T, , PID) Z. Chajecki, QM05

6. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 20066 R(√S NN, b, N part, A, B, y, m T, , PID) Z. Chajecki, QM05 MAL, Pratt, Soltz, Wiedemann nucl-ex/0505014STAR, PRL 2004

7. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 20067 R(√S NN, b, N part, A, B, y, m T, , PID) Z. Chajecki, QM05 MAL, Pratt, Soltz, Wiedemann nucl-ex/0505014 STAR, PRL 2004 MAL,Pratt Soltz,Wiedemann nucl-ex/0505014

8. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 20068 R(√S NN, b, N part, A, B, y, m T, , PID) Z. Chajecki, QM05 MAL, Pratt, Soltz, Wiedemann nucl-ex/0505014 STAR, PRL 2004 MAL,Pratt Soltz,Wiedemann nucl-ex/0505014 ++ -- K+K+ K-K- K0SK0S p pp     pp  p  K0SK0S  K-K-  K+K+  --  ++  Full program just started Evolution with energy? Little data Shape Evolution with energy? Naïve (?) : multiplicity dominance continues @ LHC (though two unexplored areas...)

9. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 20069 LHC = RHIC++ MAL,Pratt Soltz,Wiedemann nucl-ex/0505014 PHOBOS White Paper: NPA 757, 28 1000 5.5 TeV 5 6 6.4 = RHICx1.6 Naïve (?) : multiplicity dominance continues @ LHC (though two unexplored areas...)

10. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200610 Multiplicity sets scale: all else fixed MAL,Pratt Soltz,Wiedemann nucl-ex/0505014 PHOBOS White Paper: NPA 757, 28 1000 5.5 TeV 5 6 6.4 = RHICx1.6

11. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200611 Multiplicity sets scale: all else fixed PHOBOS-based extrapolation: R LHC / R RHIC = (1.6) 1/3 = 1.17 PHOBOS White Paper: NPA 757, 28 1000 5.5 TeV 5 6 6.4 = RHICx1.6

12. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200612 Multiplicity sets scale: all else fixed PHOBOS-based extrapolation: R LHC / R RHIC = (1.6) 1/3 = 1.17 CGC prediction of multiplicity R LHC / R RHIC = (11/3.6) 1/3 = 3 1/3 = 1.45 Kharzeev, Levin & Nardi NPA747 609 (2005)

13. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200613 Beyond multiplicity PHOBOS-based extrapolation: R LHC / R RHIC = (1.6) 1/3 = 1.17 CGC prediction of multiplicity R LHC / R RHIC = (11/3.6) 1/3 = 3 1/3 = 1.45 Humanic Rescattering Model “real” model predicting dN/d  and HBT (dN/d  [LHC] / dN/d  [RHIC] ) 1/3 ~ 1.9 dN/d  T. Humanic, Int.J.Mod.Phys.E15197(2006)

14. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200614 Beyond multiplicity R long (fm) dN/dt PHOBOS-based extrapolation: R LHC / R RHIC = (1.6) 1/3 = 1.17 CGC prediction of multiplicity R LHC / R RHIC = (11/3.6) 1/3 = 3 1/3 = 1.45 Humanic Rescattering Model “real” model predicting dN/d  and HBT (dN/d  [LHC] / dN/d  [RHIC] ) 1/3 ~ 1.9  LHC /  RHIC = 2 :: (recall R long~ ~  ) dynamic effect R long [LHC] / R long [RHIC] ~ 2 all are connected?? T. Humanic, Int.J.Mod.Phys.E15197(2006)

15. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200615 Beyond multiplicity PHOBOS-based extrapolation: R LHC / R RHIC = (1.6) 1/3 = 1.17 CGC prediction of multiplicity R LHC / R RHIC = (11/3.6) 1/3 = 3 1/3 = 1.45 Humanic Rescattering Model “real” model predicting dN/d  and HBT (dN/d  [LHC] / dN/d  [RHIC] ) 1/3 ~ 1.9  LHC /  RHIC = 2 :: (recall R long~ ~  ) dynamic effect R long [LHC] / R long [RHIC] ~ 2 all are connected? R S, R O larger, but not a simple factor T. Humanic, Int.J.Mod.Phys.E15197(2006)

16. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200616 Beyond multiplicity PHOBOS-based extrapolation: R LHC / R RHIC = (1.6) 1/3 = 1.17 CGC prediction of multiplicity R LHC / R RHIC = (11/3.6) 1/3 = 3 1/3 = 1.45 Humanic Rescattering Model “real” model predicting dN/d  and HBT (dN/d  [LHC] / dN/d  [RHIC] ) 1/3 ~ 1.9  LHC /  RHIC = 2 :: (recall R long~ ~  ) dynamic effect R long [LHC] / R long [RHIC] ~ 2 all are connected? R S, R O larger, but not a simple factor steeper p T -dep due to more flow? dynamic effect T. Humanic, Int.J.Mod.Phys.E15197(2006)

17. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200617 Hydro predictions I: Scales Neglecting flow, to cool to  C [QGP] :  C =  0 (  C /  0 ) 3/4  C no flow [RHIC] = 6 fm/c  C no flow [LHC] = 20 fm/c Eskola et al PRC72044904 (2005) initial conditions from pQCD+saturation

18. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200618 Neglecting flow, to cool to  C [QGP] :  C =  0 (  C /  0 ) 3/4  C no flow [RHIC] = 6 fm/c  C no flow [LHC] = 20 fm/c Much larger flow @LHC signif. reduction of timescale @ LHC [similar to RHIC] larger transverse size @ FO Eskola et al PRC72044904 (2005) Hydro predictions I: Scales

19. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200619 Neglecting flow, to cool to  C [QGP] :  C =  0 (  C /  0 ) 3/4  C no flow [RHIC] = 6 fm/c  C no flow [LHC] = 20 fm/c Much larger flow @LHC signif. reduction of timescale @ LHC [similar to RHIC] larger transverse size @ FO No HBT prediction per se, but... R L [LHC] / R L [RHIC] ~ 1.1 ÷ 1.2 R S [LHC] / R S [RHIC] ~ 1.5 ÷ 2 (different than HRM) steeper p T -dependence Eskola et al PRC72044904 (2005) Hydro predictions I: Scales

20. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200620 Neglecting flow, to cool to  C [QGP] :  C =  0 (  C /  0 ) 3/4  C no flow [RHIC] = 6 fm/c  C no flow [LHC] = 20 fm/c Much larger flow @LHC signif. reduction of timescale @ LHC [similar to RHIC] larger transverse size @ FO No HBT prediction per se, but... R L [LHC] / R L [RHIC] ~ 1.1 ÷ 1.2 R S [LHC] / R S [RHIC] ~ 1.5 ÷ 2 (different than HRM) steeper p T -dependence Consistent w/ independent hydro for non-central collisions Eskola et al PRC72044904 (2005) Hydro predictions I: Scales Heinz&Kolb, PLB542 216 (2002) (LHC)

21. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200621 easy prediction: importance of  -dep measurements will continue @ LHC asHBT probes timescale & dynamics non-trivial (& incomplete!) excitation fctn Hydro predictions II: Shapes E895 2 GeV PLB496 1 (2000) STAR 200 GeV PRL93 012301 (‘04) O’Hara, et al, Science 298 2179 (2002)

22. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200622 easy prediction: importance of  -dep measurements will continue @ LHC asHBT probes timescale & dynamics non-trivial (& incomplete!) excitation fctn hydro @ RHIC misses scale (well-known) impressive agreement on  -dep Hydro predictions II: Shapes STAR PRL93 012301 (2004) Heinz&Kolb, PLB542 216 (2002) “RHIC”

23. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200623 easy prediction: importance of  -dep measurements will continue @ LHC asHBT probes timescale & dynamics non-trivial (& incomplete!) excitation fctn hydro @ RHIC misses scale (well-known) impressive agreement on  -dep prediction @ LHC sign change in shape & oscillations Hydro predictions II: Shapes Heinz&Kolb, PLB542 216 (2002) “RHIC” Heinz&Kolb, PLB542 216 (2002) “IPES” (LHC)

24. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200624 easy prediction: importance of  -dep measurements will continue @ LHC asHBT probes timescale & dynamics non-trivial (& incomplete!) excitation fctn hydro @ RHIC misses scale (well-known) impressive agreement on  -dep prediction @ LHC sign change in shape & oscillations qualitatively different k T dependence (*) Hydro predictions II: Shapes Heinz&Kolb, PLB542 216 (2002) “RHIC” Heinz&Kolb, PLB542 216 (2002) “IPES” (LHC) * simple formula will not work @ LHC F. Retière & MAL PRC70 044907 (2004)

25. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200625 p+p: a short diversion and “practice,” or a crucial question? “minimalist” physics Momenta & parentage from PYTHIA space by hand: x  = “1 fm” +  p  /E p T -dep from x-p correlations resonances formation time  some from rescatt mult dep from rescatt only i-th particle Initial “disk” of radius r T. Humanic, presentation to ALICE PW2 (March 2006)

26. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200626 p+p: a short diversion and “practice,” or a crucial question? “minimalist” physics Momenta & parentage from PYTHIA space by hand: x  = “1 fm” +  p  /E p T -dep from x-p correlations resonances formation time  some from rescatt mult dep from rescatt only R(dN/d  )  space-time properties of jet fragmentation/hadronization? [fundamental] prediction of p T -dependence needed to test whether hard processes are really dominant here p p jet Paic and Skowronski J. Phys. G31 1045 (2005) see also Csorgo & Zajc hep-ph/0412243 (ISMD04)

27. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200627 p+p: a short diversion and “practice,” or a crucial question? “minimalist” physics Momenta & parentage from PYTHIA space by hand: x  = “1 fm” +  p  /E p T -dep from x-p correlations resonances formation time  some from rescatt mult dep from rescatt only R(dN/d  )  space-time properties of jet fragmentation/hadronization? [fundamental] prediction of p T -dependence needed to test whether hard processes are really dominant here Black Holes / extra dimensions at LHC p+p ? may be copiously produced (depending on mass) look for long lifetimes (if d large) in high mult events ??? even more fundamental, but expectations unclear [prelim from T. Humanic: small effect on HBT...] Hossenfelder, Hofmann, Bleicher, Stocker Phys.Rev. D66 (2002) 101502 Humanic, Koch, Stocker hep-ph/0607097

28. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200628 5 as before (same p T dep etc) but scale by ~17% as before (same p T dep etc) but scale by ~45% NNUS: naive extrapolation HRM R L scales with mult (x2 increase) [dynamics / chemistry / both ??] R O,S smaller increase (~30%) higher flow  steeper p T dep hydro R L small increase (~30%) [huge flow  rapid cooling  short  ] R O,S : huge flow  larger increase (~60%) steeper p T dep shape inversion; oscillation sign flip p+p p p jet signif p T dep R increase w/ mult other details?? very large R O in high mult?? plats principaux boissons entrées le menu des espérances au LHC

29. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200629 THE END

30. malisa - WPCF - Sao Paulo, Brazil - Sept 200630 references RHIC-tested predictions for low-pT and high-pT hadron spectra in nearly central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC Eskola et al hep-ph/0506049; PRC72044904 (2005) hydro predictions for spectra no HBT per se, but timescales and sizes of freezeout at LHC versus RHIC are shown Emission angle dependent pion interferometry at RHIC and beyond Heinz and Kolb PLB542 216 (2002) RHIC and LHC predictions for asHBT from hydro Signatures for Black Hole production from hadronic observables at the Large Hadron Collider Humanic, Koch, Stocker hep-ph/0607097 surprisingly, no HBT, but discussion of possible BH formation, rates, and how to trigger on them (high-mult: will it follow multiplicity systematics if physics changes so much??) Femtoscopy in heavy ion collisions: Wherefore, whence, and whither? Lisa nucl-ex/0506049 (WPCF05) systematics and PHOBOS-extrapolation-based “prediction” for LHC Color Glass Condensate at the LHC: hadron multiplicities in pp, pA and AA collisions Kharzeev, Levin & Nardi; NPA747 609 (2005) not HBT, but multiplicity predictions, which of course can be coupled to HBT multiplicity systematics Hanbury-Brown-Twiss interferometry with identical bosons in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Comparisons with hadronic scattering models Humanic, Int.J.Mod.Phys.E15:197-236,2006; nucl- th/0510049 Tom’s review article; contains LHC predictions For proton-proton collisions: Signatures for Black Hole production from hadronic observables at the Large Hadron Collider Humanic, Koch, Stocker hep-ph/0607097 surprisingly, no HBT, but discussion of possible BH formation, rates, and how to trigger on them (high-mult: will it follow multiplicity systematics if physics changes so much??) Quasi-stable black holes at LHC Hossenfieder, Hoffman, Bleicher, Stocker hep- ph/0109085; Phys.Rev. D66 (2002) 101502 VERY nice plot of lifetime versus number of dimensions Pion HBT for LHC p+p collisions using a simple causality model Humanic, ppt presentation at PW2 meeting March 06 Pythia and HRM - nice, simple calculations showing pT dep from simple formation time effect Effect of hard processes on momentum correlations in pp and ppbar collisions Paic and Skowronski; J. Phys. G31 1045 (2005) from size and mult dep, make a connection to space- time properties of jet fragmentation unfortunately, no pT prediction