1. Air Quality Considerations Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Council April 23 rd, 2010 Tracy Babbidge Air Planning and Standards 1

2. Overview Update on Connecticut’s Air Quality Efforts and Emerging Challenges. Moving Forward on a Regional Low- Carbon Fuel Strategy. Environmental Considerations for the task force. 2

3. The Good News 1-Hour Ozone Annual Fine Particulate Daily Fine Particulate 8-Hour Ozone Air pollution levels continue to drop Emission control programs are working Controls have been equitably spread across all sectors 3

4. The Challenge New, much tougher ozone standard in 2010 Revisions to annual fine particle standards under consideration – Tougher fine particle standard likely in the 2011 timeframe New air quality plan in 2013 – Called the SIP or State Implementation Plan Low hanging fruit is all gone Climate change challenge is very significant 4

5. Ambient Monitoring: Near Roadway Emphasis January 22, 2010: January 22, 2010: EPA adopted stricter standards for NO 2 emissions – Mandates changes to air monitoring near roadways December 9, 2009: December 9, 2009: EPA proposed new SO 2 standard – Monitoring to focus on population and sources 2013: 2013: Monitors must be operational in New Haven, Fairfield, Hartford Counties Refocuses air quality measurement on transportation Refocuses air quality measurement on transportation 5

6. Transportation Emissions Account for Nearly 40% of Overall Emissions 6

7. Connecticut Gross GHG Emissions with Target Levels 1990-2006 7

8. Environment Achieving Multiple Goals Requires State-Wide Integrated Planning Economic Development Energy 8

9. Cleaner Fuels Cleaner Cars Reduce VMT Federal and State Tools for Reducing Transportation Emissions Economic Development Opportunities 9

10. Effective Vehicle Strategies Clean Cars California LEV – One of 14 States adopting CA LEV Meet stringent, CA emissions standards as of 2008 GHG standards of CA LEV II effective in 2009 – CA LEV II is designed to gradually decrease the emissions coming from conventional ICE vehicles – CA LEV III expected by end of year and will place more stringent limits on conventional vehicles – CA LEV includes ZEV: designed to commercialize clean car technologies – Basis for proposed federal vehicle program in 2012 Cleaner Cars 10

11. Federal Vehicle Program for 2012 EPA/DOT GHG emissions and fuel economy standards for MY 2012 -2016 Finalized: April 1, 2010 Single light-duty national fleet that satisfies Federal and California requirements. 21% of GHG emissions reduced from 2030 below “business as usual” 950 MMT CO 2 reduced from MY2012-2016 Improve Fuel Economy to 35.5 mpg 11

12. Effective Vehicle Strategies Inspection & Maintenance – Mandated by Clean Air Act – 19 of the 200 tons per day of air pollutant reductions included in Connecticut’s 2007 Ozone Attainment Plan 12

13. Federal Clean Fuel Programs 1973: 1973: Lead phased out of gasoline 1995: 1995: Reformulated fuel reduces toxics and ozone 2005: 2005: Energy Policy Act creates Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) as an effective reduction strategy for gasoline 2010: 2010: New Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) – EPA finalized February 5, 2010 – Increases the volume of renewable fuel from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. 13

14. Federal Opportunities Proposed Surface Transportation Authorization Act of 2009 refocuses the CMAQ program to fund projects: – To improve air quality, – Reduce congestion, and – Improve public health and the livability of communities. Partner with DOT to align funding to achieve state goals 14

15. Regional Opportunities Regional Collaboration through national leaders in Energy, Environment and Transportation RGGI was developed to reduce CO2 emissions from power plants. Inviting state DOTs and Energy Departments to develop policies to reduce GHGs from transportation sector Options: Develop multistate alternate fuel infrastructure; coordinate VMT reductions Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) + Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) States 15

16. The Northeast/Mid-Atlantic Low Carbon Fuel Initiative December 2009: Memorandum of Understanding signed by 11 states Market driven standard that achieves GHG reductions required by the Global Warming Solutions Act Covers transportation fuels and possibly heating oil 16

17. Low Carbon Fuel Standard LCFS is not a cap on fuel or transportation emissions LCFS does not pick a necessary replacement/winner LCFS does not ban any specific fuel 17

18. Regional Clean Fuels Initiative: Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Fuels have emissions not just when they are consumed in the vehicle, but along their entire lifecycle Direct emissions + Indirect Emissions= Carbon Intensity LCFS focuses on Well-to-Wheel emissions of a fuel See: http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/air/climatechange/lcfs_mou_govs_12-30-09.pdf 18

19. Low Carbon Fuel Standard Will a Regional LCFS Include Home Heating Oil? Our region uses as much fuel for space heating as for transportation. What Low Carbon Fuel Options Will be Available? Advanced Biofuels Woody biomass Electricity (PHEV) How will Compliance be Handled? By each state individually or regionally Shared regional credit pool How will Carbon Intensity be Measured? EPA/CARB Models or Northeast Calculations 19

20. Major Milestones 2010 2010 – Stakeholder input – Economic analysis and develop program framework options by December 2010 2011 2011 – Agree to program framework and develop model rule – State rulemaking 20

21. Linking the Task Force Initiative with Local Opportunities: Federal and State Partnerships – Sustainable Communities Initiative – Housing, Transportation and the Environment-Convergence of Transit, Green Building and Brownfield Remediation – Governor’s Steering Committee on Climate Change, Municipal Summit on Climate Action 21

22. EV Planning Considerations Potentially shifting a significant portion of the State’s transportation emissions to stationary electric generation units. – 2010 IRP Emerging Technologies Whitepaper – Advanced Metering/ Smart Grid technology deployment is critical from an environmental perspective. – Infrastructure advancements coupled with dynamic pricing and consumer education on price and environmental benefits could be a major factor in changing behavior. 22

23. EV Funding Considerations RGGI CGS section 22a-200c specifies distribution of auction revenue for energy efficiency investments: – 69% of the allowance proceeds support energy efficiency CL&P (52%) UI (13%) CMEEC (4%) Consider prioritizing smart grid energy efficiency investments through RGGI proceeds utilizing the existing review and approval process through ECMB and DPUC. 23

24. Questions? Tracy Babbidge CT DEP Air Planning and Standards p: (860) 424-3027 Tracy.Babbidge@ct.gov 24