1. THE AXIAL MUSCLES MARTINI, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION, CHAPTER 11 - Exercises # 14, Pages # 165,179

2. Competency 5: The Muscular System
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to understand the gross and microscopic anatomy of muscles and their physiology by:
Identifying the muscles of the axial region, and their actions.
4/15/2017

3. NOTE: THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.
THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS /
QUIZZES.
STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS
4/15/2017

4. Muscles of the pectoral girdle (anterior view) Muscles that move arms
Muscles of head & neck
Muscles of the pectoral girdle (anterior view)
Muscles that move arms
Muscles of the respiration
Muscles of the abdomen
Muscles of the pectoral girdle (posterior view)
Muscles of the vertebral column
4/15/2017

5. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

6. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

7. SCALP- FRONTALIS- TO RISE EYEBROWS
HEAD & NECK
SCALP- FRONTALIS- TO RISE EYEBROWS
TO WRINKLE FOREHEAD
OCCIPITALIS- TO TENSE &TO RETRACT THE SCALP
EYE- ORBICULARIS OCCULI- TO CLOSE THE EYE
4/15/2017

8. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

9. ZYGOMATICUS- MINOR (TOP) & MAYOR (BOTTOM)
MOUTH-
ZYGOMATICUS- MINOR (TOP) & MAYOR (BOTTOM)
F- TO RETRACT & TO ELEVATE CORNER OF THE MOUTH
(SEE MANDIBLE)
RISORIUS- TO DRAW THE CORNER OF THE MOUTH TO THE SIDE
DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS (TRIANGULARIS)-
F- TO DEPRESS CORNER OF THE MOUTH
ORBICULARIS ORIS- TO COMPRESS & TO PURSE THE LIPS
MENTALIS- TO ELEVATE & TO PROTRUDE LOWER LIP
BUCCINATOR- TO COMPRESS CHEEKS
4/15/2017

10. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

11. MASTICATION- MASSETER- TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE (SEE MANDIBLE)
TEMPORALIS- TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE
PTERIGOID MEDIAL- TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE
TO CLOSE THE JAW. (SEE MANDIBLE)
PTERIGOID LATERAL- TO OPEN THE MOUTH & TO PROTRUDE
THE MANDIBLE. (SEE MANDIBLE)
4/15/2017

12. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

13. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

14. Axial Musculature Six Extrinsic Eye Muscles (Extra ocular)
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Lateral rectus
Inferior oblique
Superior oblique

16. NECK PLATISMA- TO TENSE THE SKIN OF NECK & TO DEPRESS
THE MANDIBLE
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID-
TOGETHER- TO FLEX THE NECK
ALONE- TO BEND THE HEAD TOWARD SHOULDER
TO TURN FACE TO OPPOSITE SIDE
4/15/2017

17. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

18. MUSCLES OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE ANTERIOR VIEW
SERRATUS ANTERIOR- TO PROTRACT SHOULDER &
TO ROTATE THE SCAPULA (UPWARD ROTATION)
PECTORALIS MINOR- TO DEPRESS & PROTRACT
SCAPULA (SHOULDER)
DELTOID- TO ABDUCT THE ARM
PECTORALIS- MAJOR- TO FLEX & TO ADDUCT THE ARM
& MEDIAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER
4/15/2017

19. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

20. DIAPHRAGM- MAJOR MUSCLE OF RESPIRATION
EXPANDS THORACIC CAVITY TO CAUSE BREATHING
IT SEPARATES THE THORACIC AND
ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES
INTERCOSTAL EXTERNAL- TO ELEVATE RIBS DURING INHALATION
INTERCOSTAL INTERNAL- TO DEPRESS RIBS DURING FORCED
EXHALATION
4/15/2017

21. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

22. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

23. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

24. RECTUS ABDOMINIS- TO FLEX VERTEBRAL COLUMN TO DEPRESS RIBS
ABDOMEN
RECTUS ABDOMINIS- TO FLEX VERTEBRAL COLUMN
TO DEPRESS RIBS
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE- TO FLEX SPINE & TO COMPRESS ABDOMEN
INTERNAL OBLIQUE- SAME AS ABOVE
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS- TO COMPRESS ABDOMEN
4/15/2017

25. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

26. MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR
UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM
DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL MUSCLE: STABILIZES CENTRAL
TENDON OF PERINEUM
EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER: CLOSES URETHRA
PELVIC DIAPHRAGM
COCCYGEOUS: FLEXES COCCYGEAL JOINTS, TENSES & SUPPORTS
PELVIC FLOOR
LEVATOR ANI (from external to internal)
ILEOCOCCYGEOUS: TENSES FLOOR OF PELVIS, FLEXES
COCCYGEAL JOINTS, ELEVATES & RETRACTS ANUS
PUBOCOCCYGEOUS: AS ABOVE
SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL: STABILIZES CENTRAL TENDON
OF PERINEUM
EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER: CLOSES ANAL OPENING

27. MARTINI, Pg- 349

28. POSTERIOR VIEW PECTORAL GIRDLE
TRAPEZIUS- TO ELEVATE, DEPRESS & RETRACT SCAPULA
TO ROTATE SCAPULA UPWARD
TO ELEVATE CLAVICLE & TO EXTEND THE NECK
RHOMBOIDS- (MAJOR & MINOR)
TO ADDUCT SCAPULA & DOWNWARD ROTATION
MOVE ARM
LATISSIMUS DORSI- TO EXTEND, TO ADDUCT
MEDIAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER
INFRASPINATUS- LATERAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER
TERES MINOR- SAME AS ABOVE
TERES MAJOR- TO EXTEND, ADDUCT & MEDIAL ROTATION
OF SHOULDER
SUPRASPINATUS- TO ABDUCT THE SHOULDER
4/15/2017

29. Infraspinatus
4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

30. ERECTOR SPINAE- TO EXTEND THE SPINE
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
ERECTOR SPINAE- TO EXTEND THE SPINE
SPLENIUS CAPITIS- TOGETHER TO EXTEND THE NECK
ALONE- TO ROTATE & FLEX THE NECK
SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS- TOGETHER TO EXTEND THE NECK
ALONE- TO EXTEND & FLEX THE NECK
4/15/2017

31. 4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

32. Infraspinatus
4/15/2017
ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

33. REMEMBER! GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS ROOM 3326
4/15/2017